Stress corrosion cracking of X80 pipeline steel exposed to high pH solutions with different concentrations of bicarbonate

Susceptibilities to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in high pH solutions with various concentrations of HCO₃? at a passive potential of ?0.2 V vs. SCE were investigated by slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test. The SCC mechanism and the effect of HCO₃? were discussed with the aid of electrochemical techniques. It is indicated that X80 steel shows enhanced susceptibility to SCC with the concentration of HCO₃? increasing from 0.15 to 1.00 mol/L, and the susceptibility can be evaluated in terms of current density at ?0.2 V vs. SCE. The SCC behavior is controlled by the dissolution-based mechanism in these circumstances. Increasing the concentration of HCO₃? not only increases the risk of rupture of passive films but also promotes the anodic dissolution of crack tips. Besides, little susceptibility to SCC is found in dilute solution containing 0.05 mol/L HCO₃? for X80 steel. This can be attributed to the inhibited repassivation of passive films, manifesting as a more intensive dissolution in the non-crack tip areas than at the crack tips.     

Tensile and compressive behavior of Ti-based bulk metallic glass composites

This article focuses on the tensile and compressive characteristics of a Ti-based bulk metallic glass composite (BMGC). It is found that the yield stress, maximum strength, and fracture strain are 1380 MPa, 1516 MPa, and 4.3% for uniaxial tension, but 1580 MPa, 4010 MPa, and 29% for uniaxial compression, respectively. The composite displays a linear “work hardening” capacity under compression; however, the “work softening” behavior is observed in the true engineering stress-strain curve upon tensile loading. The fracture surfaces of specimens also exhibit dissimilar properties under the different loadings.     

基于模型数据的噪声能量对叠加、偏移结果的影响分析

地震资料中不可避免地存有噪声,噪信比(噪声能量与信号能量之比)可能对地震成像造成致命的影响。根据自行设计模型,采用正演方法生成138炮记录,在这些单炮上分别加上不同能量的随机噪声和相干噪声,并应用模型速度进行NMO校正、叠加或进行叠前深度偏移;在这些工作的基础上,进行不同能量的随机噪声对叠加结果的影响分析,同能量随机噪声和相干噪声对叠加结果的影响分析,同随机噪声能量对叠加和偏移影响分析及同能量随机噪声、相干噪声对叠前深度偏移结果分析。这种分析建立在信噪比已知、速度已知、叠加及偏移算法已知的背景下,因而具有较高的准确度。最后,根据这些实验分析,得出各种不同噪信比的噪声对叠加、叠前偏移的影响进行给出定量结论,以期对地震资料处理中去噪技术的应用提供帮助。     

Phenomenon of ＂contact guidance＂ on the surface with nano-micro-groove-like pattern and cell physio- logical effects

The topography of material surface has important influence on cell behavior and physiological functions. Groove-like pattern has drawn much attention among various patterns, due to the phenomenon of ＂contact guidance＂ induced by this kind of topography. This review mainly focuses on ＂contact guidance＂ formation as well as its influence on cell behavior and physiological effects. The possible mechanisms of ＂contact guidance＂ formation were discussed. The research trend and the potential applications were also suggested.     

Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition

To correlate the variable clinical features of oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer with somatic alterations, we studied pretreatment tumour biopsies accrued from patients in two studies of neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy by massively parallel sequencing and analysis. Eighteen significantly mutated genes were identified, including five genes (RUNX1, CBFB, MYH9, MLL3 and SF3B1) previously linked to haematopoietic disorders. Mutant MAP3K1 was associated with luminal A status, low-grade histology and low proliferation rates, whereas mutant TP53 was associated with the opposite pattern. Moreover, mutant GATA3 correlated with suppression of proliferation upon aromatase inhibitor treatment. Pathway analysis demonstrated that mutations in MAP2K4, a MAP3K1 substrate, produced similar perturbations as MAP3K1 loss. Distinct phenotypes in oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer are associated with specific patterns of somatic mutations that map into cellular pathways linked to tumour biology, but most recurrent mutations are relatively infrequent. Prospective clinical trials based on these findings will require comprehensive genome sequencing.     

Ultrafine particles produced by evaporating FeB and Fe Si alloys

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Sensitivity of N400 Effect During Speech Comprehension Under the Uni-and Bi-Modality Conditions

N400 is an objective electrophysiological index in semantic processing for brain. This study focuses on the sensitivity of N400 effect during speech comprehension under the uni-and bi-modality conditions. Varying the Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of speech signal under the conditions of Audio-only(A), Visual-only(V, i.e., lip-reading),and Audio-Visual(AV), the semantic priming paradigm is used to evoke N400 effect and measure the speech recognition rate. For the conditions A and high SNR AV, the N4...     

Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer in Chinese populations

Pancreatic cancer has the lowest survival rate among human cancers, and there are no effective markers for its screening and early diagnosis. To identify genetic susceptibility markers for this cancer, we carried out a genome-wide association study on 981 individuals with pancreatic cancer (cases) and 1,991 cancer-free controls of Chinese descent using 666,141 autosomal SNPs. Promising associations were replicated in an additional 2,603 pancreatic cancer cases and 2,877 controls recruited from 25 hospitals in 16 provinces or cities in China. We identified five new susceptibility loci at chromosomes 21q21.3, 5p13.1, 21q22.3, 22q13.32 and 10q26.11 (P = 2.24 × 10(-13) to P = 4.18 × 10(-10)) in addition to 13q22.1 previously reported in populations of European ancestry. These results advance our understanding of the development of pancreatic cancer and highlight potential targets for the prevention or treatment of this cancer.     

Multiple apical plasma membrane constituents are associated with susceptibility to meconium ileus in individuals with cystic fibrosis

Variants associated with meconium ileus in cystic fibrosis were identified in 3,763 affected individuals by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Five SNPs at two loci near SLC6A14 at Xq23-24 (minimum P = 1.28 × 10(-12) at rs3788766) and SLC26A9 at 1q32.1 (minimum P = 9.88 × 10(-9) at rs4077468) accounted for ~5% of phenotypic variability and were replicated in an independent sample of affected individuals (n = 2,372; P = 0.001 and 0.0001, respectively). By incorporating the knowledge that disease-causing mutations in CFTR alter electrolyte and fluid flux across surface epithelium into a hypothesis-driven GWAS (GWAS-HD), we identified associations with the same SNPs in SLC6A14 and SLC26A9 and established evidence for the involvement of SNPs in a third solute carrier gene, SLC9A3. In addition, GWAS-HD provided evidence of association between meconium ileus and multiple genes encoding constituents of the apical plasma membrane where CFTR resides (P = 0.0002; testing of 155 apical membrane genes jointly and in replication, P = 0.022). These findings suggest that modulating activities of apical membrane constituents could complement current therapeutic paradigms for cystic fibrosis.     

Association analyses identify multiple new lung cancer susceptibility loci and their interactions with smoking in the Chinese population

To find additional susceptibility loci for lung cancer, we tested promising associations from our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lung cancer in the Chinese population in an extended validation sample size of 7,436 individuals with lung cancer (cases) and 7,483 controls. We found genome-wide significant (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)) evidence for three additional lung cancer susceptibility loci at 10p14 (rs1663689, close to GATA3, P = 2.84 × 10(-10)), 5q32 (rs2895680 in PPP2R2B-STK32A-DPYSL3, P = 6.60 × 10(-9)) and 20q13.2 (rs4809957 in CYP24A1, P = 1.20 × 10(-8)). We also found consistent associations for rs247008 at 5q31.1 (IL3-CSF2-P4HA2, P = 7.68 × 10(-8)) and rs9439519 at 1p36.32 (AJAP1-NPHP4, P = 3.65 × 10(-6)). Four of these loci showed evidence for interactions with smoking dose (P = 1.72 × 10(-10), P = 5.07 × 10(-3), P = 6.77 × 10(-3) and P = 4.49 × 10(-2) for rs2895680, rs4809957, rs247008 and rs9439519, respectively). These results advance our understanding of lung cancer susceptibility and highlight potential pathways that integrate genetic variants and smoking in the development of lung cancer.