环境温度对混凝土梁式桥频率的影响研究

现有关于环境温度影响桥梁自振频率特性的研究通常针对特定桥梁，其通用性受到了一定的限制.鉴于混凝土梁式桥是应用最广泛的桥梁类型，本文从自振频率解析解出发，推导了混凝土梁式桥自振频率和温度关系的通用迭代计算公式，并通过数值算例和环境耦合箱模型试验进行验证.结果表明：环境温度对桥梁自振频率的影响不可忽视，所提出的桥梁自振频率迭代计算公式能有效考虑环境温度的影响，可用于计算实际温度作用下的混凝土梁式桥的频率.     

Effect of homogenization process on the hardness of Zn–Al–Cu alloys

The effect of a homogenizing treatment on the hardness of as-cast Zn–Al–Cu alloys was investigated. Eight alloy compositions were prepared and homogenized at 350 ℃ for 180 h, and their Rockwell “B” hardness was subsequently measured. All the specimens were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and metallographically prepared for observation by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the present work indicated that the hardness of both alloys (as-cast and homogenized) increased with increasing Al and Cu contents; this increased hardness is likely related to the presence of the θ and τ' phases. A regression equation was obtained to determine the hardness of the homogenized alloys as a function of their chemical composition and processing parameters, such as homogenization time and temperature, used in their preparation.     

Computational algorithms for simulating the grain structure formed on steel billets using cellular automaton and chaos theories

The development of some computational algorithms based on cellular automaton was described to simulate the structures formed during the solidification of steel products. The algorithms described take results from the steel thermal behavior and heat removal previously calculated using a simulator developed by present authors in a previous work. Stored time is used for displaying the steel transition from liquid to mushy and solid. And it is also used to command computational subroutines that reproduce nucleation and grain growth. These routines are logically programmed using the programming language C++ and are based on a simultaneous solution of numerical methods (stochastic and deterministic) to create a graphical representation of different grain structures formed. The grain structure obtained is displayed on the computer screen using a graphical user interface (GUI). The chaos theory and random generation numbers are included in the algorithms to simulate the heterogeneity of grain sizes and morphologies.     

Effect of the formation process of transient liquid phase (TLP) on the interface structure of TiAl joints

TiAl has been joined employing the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding with Ti combined with Cu, Ni or Fe foils. Experimental results showed that though the interface structures of the joints are quite different, all the joined zones are composed of five sublayers, i.e. two diffusion zones, two interfacial zones and an interlayer. It has been convinced that the formation process of the transient liquid phase controls the diffusion behavior of melting point depressant (MPD) Cu, Ni, and Fe atoms, which leads to form different interface structures of the joints.     

Action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor

To investigate the action mechanisms of a new erythrocyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF), the focus is placed on the effect of EDDF on both cytosolic and nuclear free calcium (Ca²⁺) transportation in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), as well as the apoptosis and cell cycle of VSMC of rats. EDDF has been extracted from human erythrocytes. The changes of Ca²⁺ levels in cytoplasm ([Ca²⁺]_i) and nucleus ([Ca²⁺]_n) have been observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope together with fluo-3/AM as a calcium indicator. Flow cytometric technique was used to study the effect of EDDF on cell cycle and apoptosis of VSMC. [Ca²⁺], and [Ca²⁺]_n were significantly decreased through several different pathways: ( i ) it reduced the Ca²⁺ influx by blocking L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDC) and R-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (R-VDC); (ii) it inhibited the Ca²⁺ release from inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP₃) sensitive calcium store; and (iii) activated Ca²⁺-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and promoted the transportation of Ca²⁺ from cytoplasm to SR. However, EDDF seemed to have little inhibitory effect on the Ca²⁺ release from ryonodine sensitive calcium pool. It was also found that EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) significantly decreased the proportion of S phase of human umbilical vein (HUV) and inhibited the proliferation of VSMC induced by angiotensin II (Angll, 10⁻⁵ mol/L). The apopotosis did not occur when VSMC was cultured under normal condition. While VSMC apoptosis was induced by Angll (10⁻⁵ mol/L) and EDDF (10⁻⁴ g/mL) seemed to have little effect on it. The inhibitory effect of EDDF on the elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i and [Ca²⁺]_n of VSMC might play an essential role in its action mechanisms and the ways it affects the Ca²⁺ handling of VSMC demonstrate that EDDF was different from other endogenous blood pressure regulators and some known antihypertensive drugs. EDDF could inhibit the proliferation of VSMC, which indicated that it might be beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.     

Leaching of a copper flotation concentrate with ammonium persulfate in an autoclave system

The leaching behavior of a copper flotation concentrate was investigated using ammonium persulfate (APS) in an autoclave system. The decomposition products of APS, active oxygen, and acidic medium were used to extract metals from the concentrate. Leaching experiments were performed to compare the availability of APS as an oxidizing agent for leaching of the concentrate under atmospheric conditions and in an autoclave system. Leaching temperature and APS concentration were found to be important parameters in both leaching systems. Atmospheric leaching studies showed that the metal extractions increased with the increase in APS concentration and temperature (up to 333 K). A similar tendency was determined in the autoclave studies up to 423 K. It was also determined that the metal extractions decreased at temperatures above 423 K due to the passivation of the particle surface by molten elemental sulfur. The results showed that higher copper extractions could be achieved using an autoclave system.     

Synthesis and characterization of boron-doped NiO thin films produced by spray pyrolysis

Boron-doped NiO thin films were prepared on glass substrates at 400℃ by airbrush spraying method using a solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate. Their physical properties were investigated as a function of dopant concentration. From X-ray diffraction patterns, it is observed that the films have cubic structure with lattice parameters varying with boron concentration. The morphologies of the films were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, and the grain sizes were measured to be around 30–50 nm. Optical measurements show that the band gap energies of the films first decrease then increase with increasing boron concentration. The resistivities of the films were determined by four point probe method, and the changes in resistivity with boron concentration were investigated.     

氧化镓单晶的磨削材料去除机理和损伤演化研究

为了探究氧化镓单晶在磨削过程中材料去除机理和亚表面损伤演化规律,通过变切深纳米划痕试验模拟单颗磨粒去除材料的过程来探究磨削过程中的材料去除机理,使用粒度分别为SD600、SD1500和SD5000的金刚石砂轮对氧化镓单晶进行磨削试验,分析磨削表面形貌和亚表面的损伤演化规律.使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜作为主要表征手段,采用有限元法分析划痕过程中的应力分布.研究结果表明,氧化镓单晶在材料去除过程中沿不同晶向扩展的交错滑移带可能导致不规则的破碎坑,取向裂纹受到（-3-10）滑移面的严重影响. 随着砂轮粒径的减小,磨削表面形貌表现为破碎坑和取向裂纹主导的脆性表面逐渐演化为完全塑性表面.     

基于驻留时间控制的压气机叶片前缘砂带磨削研究

提出了一种面向叶片前缘廓形精准控制的机器人砂带磨削加工方法. 以轴流压气机叶片为研究对象,结合半赫兹接触理论和有限元仿真获取了柔性磨具和叶片前缘的接触区域内的应力分布,基于Preston方程求解材料去除函数. 遍历刀位点对控制点的磨削深度,建立全局材料去除矩阵,搭建驻留时间求解非线性方程组. 采用带有阻尼因子的Tikhonov正则化消除大型稀疏病态矩阵对求解精度波动的影响,将所求驻留时间转换为对应刀位点的进给速度,生成机器人加工代码. 磨削试验结果表明,基于驻留时间控制的机器人砂带磨削方法能够实现给定允差范围内叶片前缘廓形的精准加工,型面误差可以控制在0.02 mm以内.     

紧急避撞工况下的路径规划与跟踪

高速工况下规划侧向换道紧急避撞路径需考虑避撞与稳定性问题,本文提出了一种基于非均匀B样条曲线、满足多约束要求的路径规划方法. 该方法通过两段非均匀B样条曲线构造出具有曲率连续且加速度呈梯形变化、满足起止点斜率和曲率约束的避撞路径模型,再结合环境信息生成由两个参数控制路径形状的避撞路径簇;在此基础上,构建乘员舒适性目标函数,旨在满足避撞要求的情形下,从路径簇中选取舒适性最优的局部路径;在完成避撞路径规划同时,通过目标函数以及车辆多约束得到优化纵向加速度,完成避撞运动规划;最后采用长于处理多约束控制的模型预测控制算法,通过建立线性时变模型预测控制器控制车辆跟踪规划的路径,验证了路径规划方法的可行性.