软土地区基坑开挖诱发邻近盾构隧道 水平位移的简化算法

为探究软土地区基坑开挖对于邻近隧道水平位移的影响,首先,分析了软土地区基坑开挖卸载引起盾构隧道水平位移的变形机理;其次,收集了国内软土地区邻近地铁盾构隧道开挖基坑的工程实例,利用随机森林算法对影响隧道最大水平位移的因素进行了重要度排序,并对影响因素进行了统计分析,提出一相对简便且方便广大工程从业人员使用的半经验公式,可直接用于隧道在邻近基坑开挖下的最大水平位移的预测.通过与所收集到文献中已发表的工程实际案例实测数据的对比,对经验公式进行了验证,验证了所提公式的准确性与适用性.参数分析表明:隧道最大水平位移随基坑开挖体量的增大近似呈对数增大,增速逐渐放缓.隧道水平位移受基坑围护结构水平位移影响较大,两者之间近似呈线性正相关.隧道最大水平位移与基坑隧道间距离呈负相关关系,当距离小于两倍开挖深度时,基坑开挖对隧道的影响较大.基于提出的公式,对基坑开挖对隧道的影响范围进行了分区,结果可为类似工程提供一定的理论指导.     

基于Wiener随机过程地下腐蚀环境中 钢筋混凝土耐久性寿命预测

根据兰州地铁沿线站台地下水和土壤中所含腐蚀离子配置含有SO24-、Cl-、Mg2+的4种复合盐溶液,将钢筋混凝土试件置于复合盐溶液中,每隔90 d通过电化学工作站及超声声速检测仪进行无损检测,利用非单调Wiener随机退化过程,以相对动弹性模量值达到0.4时作为混凝土失效破坏条件,以混凝土裂缝开展宽度达到0.2 mm时的腐蚀电流密度作为混凝土中钢筋的失效阈值,进而建立钢筋混凝土耐久性寿命预测模型.研究结果表明:复合盐溶液环境下,极化曲线整体向腐蚀电流密度增大和负电位方向移动,交流阻抗图谱呈现双容抗弧,初始时刻低频区阻抗弧半径大,斜率高,腐蚀周期增加,低频阻抗弧半径逐渐减小并向阻抗实部收缩,阻抗谱逐渐左移.裂缝宽度到达0.2 mm时腐蚀电流密度的失效阈值为7.6375μA/cm2,基于Wiener随机过程模型可以很好地反映钢筋混凝土在腐蚀环境中耐久性寿命变化.钢筋和混凝土寿命曲线均呈现出三阶段变化特点,钢筋寿命曲线第一阶段持续时间更长,第二阶段加速退化速率更快.通过Wiener随机过程得到钢筋的寿命小于混凝土寿命,在A、B、C、D四种溶液中的寿命分别约为7200 d、2900 d、4500 d及2000 d,而混凝土在4种溶液中的寿命分别约为10000 d、6500 d、5500 d及5000 d.且钢筋寿命对氯盐的敏感性大,而混凝土寿命对硫酸盐的敏感性大.     

不同体积掺量的钢纤维在混凝土中的分布研究

为研究不同体积掺量的钢纤维对钢纤维自密实混凝土中纤维分布和取向的影响,配制了4种不同纤维体积掺量的纤维自密实混凝土,首先探究了新拌混凝土的流变性质与纤维体积掺量之间的关系,同时分析了梁试件切割面上的纤维分布.考虑纤维体积掺量对新拌混凝土流变性质的影响,采用ANSYS CFX软件模拟了具有4种不同纤维体积掺量的新拌混凝土的流动.基于模拟得到的混凝土速度场,将纤维视为刚性连接的数个球形粒子,通过求解刚体动力学方程计算了纤维的运动.通过与试验结果对比发现,本文提出的模拟方法能较好地确定纤维在混凝土中的分布与取向;模拟结果表明,随着纤维体积掺量的增加,纤维在梁竖直方向的离析程度减小,相反地,纤维与梁轴向的取向角度增大.     

基于机器学习算法的盾构掘进地表沉降预测方法

针对有限元、地层损失率等方法难以考虑多参数耦合作用情况下的地表沉降预测的问题,基于BP神经网络(BPNN)和随机森林算法(RF)两种机器学习算法的多参数、非线性拟合能力,提出了预测盾构掘进过程中地表最大沉降以及纵向沉降曲线的预测方法.通过粒子群算法(PSO)确定机器学习算法的最优超参数,通过k折交叉验证方法提高预测方法的鲁棒性.结果表明BP神经网络的预测结果误差较大,难以预测到较大的地表沉降,随机森林算法能够准确预测地表最大沉降和纵向沉降曲线.     

奇妙的非晶态金属

在日常生活中,人们所接触的材料不外乎两类,即晶态材料和非晶态材料。形象地说,如果材料中的原子排列像被检阅的士兵方阵那样有序,该材料就是晶态材料;如果原子排列像集市的人群那样杂乱无章,那么这种材料就是非晶态材料。在我们接触的物质中,食盐、钻石等都属于晶态材料,而木材、纺     

浓度梯度法筛选华光霉素高产突变株

用华光霉素梯度平皿将华光霉素产生菌进行自然分离，结果表明：梯度法和常规法两种培养基上选出的菌株初筛平均效价分别为１０６．６％和１００％；在常规法中初筛效价比出发菌株高３０％以上的菌株为０，而在梯度法中有４株菌达到或超过这一水平。实验证明：用华光霉素梯度平皿分离不仅使效价的正变频率高于常规分离，而且正变幅度也大于常规分离。     

Th-rich zircon from peralka line A-type granite： Mineralogical features and petrological implications

Zircon is one of the most common accessory minerals in igneous rocks, especially in granites. It exists through the crystallization and evolution of grantic magma be-cause of stable physicochemical properties. Trace element abundances (e.g. Hf, Th, U, Y) in zircon are very sensitive to the crystallization environments[1]. Therefore, zircon plays an important role in the granite research. However, although A-type granites are given more and more regards by the geologists owing to their charac…     

Comparison of distribution and habitat characteristics between an endemic and a wide-ranging cryptic species of Peromyscus on the Baja California Peninsula

Peromyscus eva and Peromyscus fraterculus are 2 morphologically similar species of the Peromyscus eremicus group occurring on the Baja California Peninsula. Due to the similarity between these 2 species, their ranges have been greatly confused; consequently, the specific habitat characteristics for each group are not well known. The goal of this study was to assess distribution ranges and characteristics of preferred habitats for P. eva and P. fraterculus in more detail. We identified taxonomy of individuals by evaluating genetic patterns produced by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). We evaluated the banding pattern generated by Alu I and Bam HI restriction enzymes in an 850-bp cytochrome b fragment. Consistent differences in number and size of fragments allowed for discrimination of individuals to species. The heterogeneity and evenness indexes showed that the microhabitat of P. fraterculus contained less-diverse soil types and is more homogeneous than the microhabitat of P. eva. In the state of Baja California Sur, P. eva occurs exclusively in the flat areas along the Pacific coast from the Vizcaino Desert to the south, including Margarita Island, with one small population in the Loreto area adjacent to Carmen Island. The habitats occupied by P. eva were heterogeneous (areas with friable, soft sandy soil and a low percentage of small stones). Peromyscus fraterculus occurs mostly in Baja California Norte, with some populations distributed in Baja California Sur, particularly in the western areas of the Vizcaino Desert along the mountain range, in the gulf side of the peninsula south of the city of La Paz, and in a small area on the eastern side of Sierra de Las Cruces. This species was mostly found on hard soil with high medium-size stone content.     

湟水河大桥病害及其加固措施

湟水河大桥的病害使其已成为一座＂危桥＂,此次加固该桥将由原来的双曲拱桥结构变为肋拱桥结构,增大了边拱肋的截面尺寸并增加了横梁,加固后该桥可以满足公路II级荷载的通行标准。