沉默miR-221抑制裸鼠舌鳞癌移植瘤早期改变的IVIM-DWI研究

目的:应用体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)技术对沉默miRNA-221抑制裸鼠舌鳞癌移植瘤的早期改变进行监测,探讨miRNA-221表达异常对肿瘤早期的病理生理改变与IVIM参数的相关性.方法:建立人舌鳞癌UM1细胞株裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型12只,实验组和对照组各6只.实验组注射慢病毒转染的稳定沉默miR-...     

基于模型的多目标优化问题方法研究

基于模型的多目标优化方法目的是创新一种通过黑箱评估的多目标函数优化算法,该算法从解空间上的混合分布中迭代生成候选解,并根据采样解的控制数来更新混合分布,求解过程的搜索偏向于Pareto最优解的集合。算法在解空间上寻找混合分布,使得混合分布的每个分量都是以帕累托最优解为中心的简并分布,并且每个预计的Pareto最优解都通过一个阈值距离均匀地分布在Pareto最优解集上,实验通过几个基准函数和方法证明了该算法的性能。     

Natural variation at Strubbelig Receptor Kinase 3 drives immune-triggered incompatibilities between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions

Accumulation of genetic incompatibilities within species can lead to reproductive isolation and, potentially, speciation. In this study, we show that allelic variation at SRF3 (Strubbelig Receptor Family 3), encoding a receptor-like kinase, conditions the occurrence of incompatibility between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The geographical distribution of SRF3 alleles reveals that allelic forms causing epistatic incompatibility with a Landsberg erecta allele at the RPP1 resistance locus are present in A. thaliana accessions in central Asia. Incompatible SRF3 alleles condition for an enhanced early immune response to pathogens as compared to the resistance-dampening effect of compatible SRF3 forms in isogenic backgrounds. Variation in disease susceptibility suggests a basis for the molecular patterns of a recent selective sweep detected at the SRF3 locus in central Asian populations.     

Mutations in ISPD cause Walker-Warburg syndrome and defective glycosylation of α-dystroglycan

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by complex eye and brain abnormalities with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and aberrant a-dystroglycan glycosylation. Here we report mutations in the ISPD gene (encoding isoprenoid synthase domain containing) as the second most common cause of WWS. Bacterial IspD is a nucleotidyl transferase belonging to a large glycosyltransferase family, but the role of the orthologous protein in chordates is obscure to date, as this phylum does not have the corresponding non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. Knockdown of ispd in zebrafish recapitulates the human WWS phenotype with hydrocephalus, reduced eye size, muscle degeneration and hypoglycosylated a-dystroglycan. These results implicate ISPD in a-dystroglycan glycosylation in maintaining sarcolemma integrity in vertebrates.     

钨含量对铜基摩擦材料性能的影响

为了探究钨含量对制动用铜基摩擦材料性能的影响,采用热压烧结工艺制备了不同钨含量的铜基摩擦材料,对其物理性能、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试。研究表明,铜基摩擦材料的密度随着钨含量的增加而增大,而剪切强度和硬度先增大后减小。钨提高了材料磨损表面微凸体接触的结点强度,从而提高了材料的摩擦因数。适量的钨可以有效地减少磨损表面剥离,有助于在磨损表面形成连续完整的摩擦膜,从而稳定摩擦因数,减小磨损质量。当钨含量过高时,在高温摩擦过程中会产生严重的犁沟或微裂纹,导致摩擦因数剧烈波动和磨损质量增大。钨的质量分数为3%时,铜基摩擦材料在不同温度和压力下具有较为稳定的摩擦因数和较小的磨损质量。     

植物体应激反应中生物光子发射的实验观测

用高灵敏度的ＩＣＣＤ图象探测系统,对萌发期大豆受到外界刺激后的生物光子发射进行探测。实验发现,大豆子叶受到创伤后,创伤部位的生物光子发射明显增强,另外,大豆干旱复水过程中,在根尖也测到了很强的发光。     

Regulation of primary cilia formation and left-right patterning in zebrafish by a noncanonical Wnt signaling mediator, duboraya

Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the surface of nearly every animal cell. Although important functions of primary cilia in morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis have been identified, the mechanisms that control the formation of primary cilia are not understood. Here we characterize a zebrafish gene, termed duboraya (dub), that is essential for ciliogenesis. Knockdown of dub in zebrafish embryos results in both defects in primary cilia formation in Kupffer's vesicle and randomization of left-right organ asymmetries. We show that, at the molecular level, the function of dub in ciliogenesis is regulated by phosphorylation, which in turn depends on Frizzled-2-mediated noncanonical Wnt signaling. We also provide evidence that, at the cellular level, dub function is essential for actin organization in the cells lining Kupffer's vesicle. Taken together, our findings identify a molecular factor that links noncanonical Wnt signaling with the control of left-right axis specification, and provide an entry point for analyzing the mechanisms that regulate primary cilia formation.     

BP网络泛化能力改进研究

详细阐述了防止BP网络过度训练的方法,总结了常用的增强网络泛化能力的方法。并在此基础上,提出了基于主要影响因素和基于修正误差函数来增强网络泛化能力的方法,取得了良好的效果,提高了BP神经网络的适应性。     

东太平洋表层沉积物蒙皂石的矿物学特征及其指示意义

应用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线能谱(EDS)分析技术, 对东太平洋表层黏土组分沉积物中的蒙皂石族矿物进行了全面的测试分析. XRD结果显示, 多数蒙皂石结晶不好, 约占黏土矿物总量的20%. 将研究区的蒙皂石族矿物划分为3种类型: 富铁蒙皂石(类型1)、富铁镁蒙皂石(类型2)和钠钙蒙皂石(类型3). 其中, 类型1在沉积物中分布最广, SEM下表现为蜂窝状, TEM下为呈聚集或分散趋势的毛发状, 或边缘微卷的云雾状集合体, 可以作为东太平洋“自生”蒙皂石的标型矿物种; 类型2在TEM下的形态与类型1相似, 呈现由极薄的片状向毛发状体过渡; 钠钙蒙皂石在TEM下则为边界模糊的板状体. 类型1是洋底火山物质蚀变的产物, 并在一定程度上受到了区内热液活动的改造, 其中的一部分矿物也可能本身就是低温热液活动的产物. 类型2也是一种“自生”成因的蒙皂石. 类型3为外源的蒙皂石, 推断来自遥远且干旱的母岩区. 研究表明, 蒙皂石族矿物的化学成分和微形貌特征对沉积物来源、矿物成因及大洋沉积作用有重要指示意义.