The first hominin of Europe

The earliest hominin occupation of Europe is one of the most debated topics in palaeoanthropology. However, the purportedly oldest of the Early Pleistocene sites in Eurasia lack precise age control and contain stone tools rather than human fossil remains. Here we report the discovery of a human mandible associated with an assemblage of Mode 1 lithic tools and faunal remains bearing traces of hominin processing, in stratigraphic level TE9 at the site of the Sima del Elefante, Atapuerca, Spain. Level TE9 has been dated to the Early Pleistocene (approximately 1.2-1.1 Myr), based on a combination of palaeomagnetism, cosmogenic nuclides and biostratigraphy. The Sima del Elefante site thus emerges as the oldest, most accurately dated record of human occupation in Europe, to our knowledge. The study of the human mandible suggests that the first settlement of Western Europe could be related to an early demographic expansion out of Africa. The new evidence, with previous findings in other Atapuerca sites (level TD6 from Gran Dolina), also suggests that a speciation event occurred in this extreme area of the Eurasian continent during the Early Pleistocene, initiating the hominin lineage represented by the TE9 and TD6 hominins.     

Molecular evolution of connective tissue growth factor in Cyprinidae （Teleostei： Cypriniformes）

Connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and individual development in animals. The study of sequences variation and molecular evolution of CTGF gene across various species of the cyprinid could be helpful for understanding of speciation and gene divergence in this kind of fish. In this study, 19 novel sequences of CTGF gene were obtained from the representative species of the family Cyprinidae using PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing. Phylogenetic relationships of Cyprinidae were reconstructed by neighbor-joining （NJ）, maximum parsimony （MP）, maximum likelihood （ML） and Bayesian method. Oryzias latipes from the family Cyprinodontidae was assigned to be the outgroup taxon. Leuciscini and Barbini were clustered into the monophyletic lineages, respectively, with the high nodal supports. The estimation of the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution （dN/dS） for the various branches indicated that there stood the different evolution rates between the Leuciscini and the Barbini. With the ratio of dN/dS of the Leuciscini being lower than that of the Barbini, species within the Barbini were demonstrated to be subjected to the relatively less selection pressure and under the relaxable evolution background. A 6 bp indel （insertion/deletion） was found at the 5＇ end of CTGF gene of Cyprinidae, and this 6 bp deletion only appeared in the Leuciscini, which is a typical characteristic of the Leuciscini and provides evidence for the monophylogeny of the Leuciscini. For the amino acid sequences of CTGF protein, the most variations and indels were distributed in the signal region and IGFBP region of this protein, implying that these variations were correlated with the regulation of the CTGF gene expression and protein activity.     

嵌入式发展之我见

嵌入式是当前发展最快、应用最广、最有发展前景的信息技术应用领域之一。本文从嵌入式的定义、特点和操作系统种类出发,深入阐述了嵌入式系统的发展现状,展望了嵌入式的发展趋势。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区特低渗砂岩储层属性建模

针对鄂尔多斯盆地西峰地区低渗砂岩储层物性极差、非均质性强的特点,从储层低渗的成因机制研究入手,建立了"分选性砂岩含量"模型来约束孔隙度建模;并将"序贯指示模拟思想"引入到渗透率建模当中。通过贝叶斯指示模拟与协变量参数的有机结合,最终形成了一套适合于低渗-特低渗储层属性建模的方法。研究结果表明,砂质含量与颗粒分选程度、成岩作用类型及强度是低渗砂岩储集空间发育分布的控制因素,而有效的建模方法精确刻画了次生孔隙发育带与相对高渗区。建模结果客观反映了低渗储层的严重非均质性,改善了低渗储层随机建模方案,能为油藏数值模拟、开发方案的制定提供合理的地质模型。     

A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum

It has commonly been thought that snakes underwent progressive loss of their limbs by gradual diminution of their use. However, recent developmental and palaeontological discoveries suggest a more complex scenario of limb reduction, still poorly documented in the fossil record. Here we report a fossil snake with a sacrum supporting a pelvic girdle and robust, functional legs outside the ribcage. The new fossil, from the Upper Cretaceous period of Patagonia, fills an important gap in the evolutionary progression towards limblessness because other known fossil snakes with developed hindlimbs, the marine Haasiophis, Pachyrhachis and Eupodophis, lack a sacral region. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the new fossil is the most primitive (basal) snake known and that all other limbed fossil snakes are closer to the more advanced macrostomatan snakes, a group including boas, pythons and colubroids. The new fossil retains several features associated with a subterranean or surface dwelling life that are also present in primitive extant snake lineages, supporting the hypothesis of a terrestrial rather than marine origin of snakes.     

基于ZigBee 技术的家居环境监测系统设计

随着人们的生活水平不断提高,对家居智能化和安全性等要求越来越高。介绍了一种基于ZigBee网络的家居环境监测系统的设计,系统主要包括传感器模块、无线数据传输模块和PC端管理中心三个部分。首先说明了系统的整体设计方案;然后分别完成了系统中的硬件电路设计、软件编程和管理界面的设计;最后对设计的系统进行了测试试验。试验结果表明:该系统的性能稳定,温度检测的相对误差在1%以内,湿度检测的相对误差在0.5%以内,CO检测的相对误差在3%以内。     

基于翻转课堂的大学计算机基础课程教学模式研究

大学计算机基础课程是一门重要的基础课程,但因当前高等院校存在生源复杂、学生水平参差不齐等问题,实际教学效果不尽如人意。分析了当前大学计算机基础课程改革面临的新挑战,探讨了基于翻转课堂的教学新模式,使学生在通过自主学习完成对知识的深度掌握。通过问卷调查和对比研究,证明该模式在一定程度上提高了学生学习兴趣,有利于知识的吸收,提高了教学质量,获得了较好的教学效果。     

跳伞离婚

由于通货膨胀,失业严重及单纯追求个人“自由”,美国的家庭离婚率近年来直线上升,超过历史最高纪录。离婚人数达到每年结婚人数的一半。与此同时,为表现玩世不恭和寻求刺激,离婚仪式也各种各样。旅行离婚、赛车离婚……标新立异,     

非晶态合金镀层的耐蚀性能

电沉积Ｎｉ－Ｗ－Ｐ非晶合金中Ｗ含量可高达５５．２％,硬度为７００～１１００Ｈｖ,经５５０℃热处理,可达１３００～１４００Ｈｖ,镀层硬度和耐蚀性优于Ｎｉ－Ｐ非晶镀层,非晶镀层中的类金属元素Ｐ可使腐蚀电位正移,高熔点元素Ｗ可使合金镀层在酸溶液中发生钝化,有Ｗ含量越高维钝化电流密度越低;金属Ｃｒ元素除降低维钝电流密度外,还使钝化区范围加宽,孔蚀电位显著变正,浸泡实验结果表明,在３０℃,１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣ     

基于丝网印刷技术的电化学酶联免疫吸附

为研究基于丝网印刷技术的电化学酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)的效果,在塑料基板上印刷96孔电极单元,形成标准96孔ELISA检测板,建立电化学检测与ELISA实验的关联,检测板每孔底部为独立电化学单元,由碳电极、对电极和银参比电极组成,形成双面印刷基板,基板通过96×3针式镀金特定连接器连接至恒电位仪。结果表明,96孔三电极电化学丝网印刷电化学阵列作为ELISA检测是可行的,多通道恒电位仪可同时测量8个孔数据。