The effect of thyroid state,adrenaline and glucose on the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue

Zusammenfassung Die Freisetzung freier Fettsäuren aus dem mesenterialen Fettgewebe von Ratten ist bei hyperthyroiden Tieren grösser, bei hypothyreoiden geringer und wird besonders bei hyperthyreoiden Ratten durch Adrenalin positiv gesteigert. Glukose beeinflusst die durch Adrenalin gesteigerte Abgabe der freien Fettsäuren aus dem Fettgewebe von euthyreoiden Tieren nicht, setzt diese jedoch bei hyperthyreoiden Ratten herab.     

High frequency of mast cells in spleens of A-strain mice

Zusammenfassung Es wurden in Milz und Thymus von Mäusen des Stammes A/Ph Mastzellenvermehrungen beobachtet und mit den Mastzellenzahlen bei andern Mäusestämmen verglichen.     

Über den Einfluss von Natriumsulfit,Natriumtellurit und Natriumselenit auf die Retention von Zink,Kadmium und Quecksilber im Organismus

Summary The influence of sodium sulfite, sodium tellurite and sodium selenite on the retention of zinc, cadmium and mercury in mice was studied. The retention of mercury was increased by sodium selenite and by sodium tellurite. The retention of cadmium was increased only by sodium selenite. Sodium sulfite did not influence the retention of metals studied. The retention of zinc was not influenced by any compounds used.     

Metabolic implications in the elevation of serum activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in chronic renal failure

Summary The activity of intestinal isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was evaluated in 21 non-dialyzed patients with advanced renal failure and in 52 patients on regular hemodialysis. In patients without hepatopathy, a significant inverse correlation was found between the enzyme activity and serum calcium levels. Hepatopathy was the most significant variable influencing the enzyme activity in patients on dialysis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and a decreased rate in enzyme elimination should be assessed for the above-normal activities of intestinal ALP in serum in chronic renal failure.     

Dietary induced increase of lactase activity in adult rats is independent of adrenals

Summary Adult rats fed 10 days a low starch-high fat diet were either adrenalectomized or sham-operated and force-fed the same diet another 5 days; 14 h before sacrifice, some animals were force-fed a sucrose diet. Activity of lactase, sucrase and maltase was increased in adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats.Supported by the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (AM 27624).     

Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and southeastern Europe linked to cattle herding

The domestication of cattle, sheep and goats had already taken place in the Near East by the eighth millennium bc. Although there would have been considerable economic and nutritional gains from using these animals for their milk and other products from living animals-that is, traction and wool-the first clear evidence for these appears much later, from the late fifth and fourth millennia bc. Hence, the timing and region in which milking was first practised remain unknown. Organic residues preserved in archaeological pottery have provided direct evidence for the use of milk in the fourth millennium in Britain, and in the sixth millennium in eastern Europe, based on the delta(13)C values of the major fatty acids of milk fat. Here we apply this approach to more than 2,200 pottery vessels from sites in the Near East and southeastern Europe dating from the fifth to the seventh millennia bc. We show that milk was in use by the seventh millennium; this is the earliest direct evidence to date. Milking was particularly important in northwestern Anatolia, pointing to regional differences linked with conditions more favourable to cattle compared to other regions, where sheep and goats were relatively common and milk use less important. The latter is supported by correlations between the fat type and animal bone evidence.     

Collagenolytic enzymes and acid-proteinase activity in granuloma tissue

Zusammenfassung Die Kathepsin D-Aktivität des kollagenolytischen Kathepsins und der Pz-Peptidase wurden während der Bildung des mittels s.c. Injektion von Terpentinol hervorgerufenen Granuloms bei Ratten verfolgt. Die Kathepsin D-Aktivität erreichte am 10. Tag ihren Höhepunkt, diejenige des kollagenolytischen Kathepsins und der Pz-Peptidase erst am 14. Tag. In dieser Phase ist die Kollagenkonzentration herabgesetzt, während sich eine ausgeprägte Resorption des Granuloms zeigt.     

TMEM70 mutations cause isolated ATP synthase deficiency and neonatal mitochondrial encephalocardiomyopathy

We carried out whole-genome homozygosity mapping, gene expression analysis and DNA sequencing in individuals with isolated mitochondrial ATP synthase deficiency and identified disease-causing mutations in TMEM70. Complementation of the cell lines of these individuals with wild-type TMEM70 restored biogenesis and metabolic function of the enzyme complex. Our results show that TMEM70 is involved in mitochondrial ATP synthase biogenesis in higher eukaryotes.     

An asteroid breakup 160 Myr ago as the probable source of the K/T impactor

The terrestrial and lunar cratering rate is often assumed to have been nearly constant over the past 3 Gyr. Different lines of evidence, however, suggest that the impact flux from kilometre-sized bodies increased by at least a factor of two over the long-term average during the past approximately 100 Myr. Here we argue that this apparent surge was triggered by the catastrophic disruption of the parent body of the asteroid Baptistina, which we infer was a approximately 170-km-diameter body (carbonaceous-chondrite-like) that broke up 160(-20)+30Myr ago in the inner main asteroid belt. Fragments produced by the collision were slowly delivered by dynamical processes to orbits where they could strike the terrestrial planets. We find that this asteroid shower is the most likely source (>90 per cent probability) of the Chicxulub impactor that produced the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) mass extinction event 65 Myr ago.     

The presence of colchicine alkaloids inKreysigia multiflora reichb

Zusammenfassung Die Isolierung der Alkaloide Colchicin und N-Formyl-N-desacetylcolchicin ausKreysigia multiflora wird beschrieben.

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The author wishes to thank Prof.A. R. Battersby, Liverpool, England, for the plant material.