我国罚金刑适用中存在的问题与对策

在人类刑罚史上，由残酷的肉刑到自由刑，又到罚金刑的过渡，是人类迈向文明的表现。我国新《刑法》扩大了罚金刑的适用范围，但同时亦带来了一些新的问题。这些问题和对策的探讨，对我国的刑事审判与立法的发展将有着重要的意义。     

相关量测噪声下的修正动态随机逼近算法

将Ruppert 提出的模型推广到带有 ARMA 量测噪声的多维情形。提出了修正动态随机逼近算法,并证明它在 C?aro 意义下的(a,?)收敛性。最后还考虑了特殊情形下算法的(a,?)收敛性。     

第四系天然气藏储层物性参数测井解释模型

以柴达木盆地东部台南第四系松散未成岩生物气藏为例 ,研究建立该类储层物性参数测井解释模型的方法。主要包括 :(1)应用“JD 5 81”常规测井资料 ,通过定量计算对声波测井进行了压实、泥质及含气影响的校正 ,建立了孔隙度测井解释模型 ,探索性地提出声波测井曲线天然气影响的定量校正方法 ;(2 )根据毛管理论 ,综合应用毛管压力曲线、岩石物性、岩性分析及测井资料建立了渗透率测井解释模型。研究结果表明 ,利用电阻率曲线对声波测井进行天然气影响的定量校正方法是可行的 ,该方法提高了气藏孔隙度声波测井解释模型的精度 ,实现了应用“JD 5 81”常规测井资料即可进行储层孔隙度参数评价的研究。储层微观孔隙结构参数孔喉半径均值的主要影响因素是岩石比表面及孔隙度 ,综合利用孔隙度与岩性测井曲线可以较为准确地计算该参数 ,这为储层渗透率参数的评价奠定了基础。     

Oncogenic protein tyrosine kinases

HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; also known as erbB2) and its relatives HER1 (epidermal growth factor receptor; EGFR), HER3 and HER4 belong to the HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases. In normal cells, activation of this receptor tyrosine kinase family triggers a rich network of signaling pathways that control normal cell growth, differentiation, motility and adhesion in several cell lineages. The first tumor studied for an alteration of the HER2 oncogene is breast carcinoma, and so far the majority of studies have been performed on this oncotype. Although involvement of HER2 as a cause of human cell transformation needs to be further investigated, overexpression of the HER2 oncogene in human breast carcinomas has been associated with a more aggressive course of disease. It has been suggested that this association depends on HER2-driven proliferation, vessel formation and/or invasiveness; however, poor prognosis may not be directly related to the presence of the oncoprotein on the cell membrane but instead to the breast carcinoma subset identified by HER2 overexpression and characterized by a peculiar gene expression profile, as recently identified. HER2-positive tumors were recently shown to benefit from anthracyclin treatment and to be resistant to endocrine therapy. Despite the fact that many pathways interacting with HER2 are still not fully understood, this tyrosine kinase receptor is, to date, a promising molecule for targeted therapy.     

Coherent emission of light by thermal sources

A thermal light-emitting source, such as a black body or the incandescent filament of a light bulb, is often presented as a typical example of an incoherent source and is in marked contrast to a laser. Whereas a laser is highly monochromatic and very directional, a thermal source has a broad spectrum and is usually quasi-isotropic. However, as is the case with many systems, different behaviour can be expected on a microscopic scale. It has been shown recently that the field emitted by a thermal source made of a polar material is enhanced by more than four orders of magnitude and is partially coherent at a distance of the order of 10 to 100nm. Here we demonstrate that by introducing a periodic microstructure into such a polar material (SiC) a thermal infrared source can be fabricated that is coherent over large distances (many wavelengths) and radiates in well defined directions. Narrow angular emission lobes similar to antenna lobes are observed and the emission spectra of the source depends on the observation angle--the so-called Wolf effect. The origin of the coherent emission lies in the diffraction of surface-phonon polaritons by the grating.     

Thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscopy

In standard near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), a subwavelength probe acts as an optical 'stethoscope' to map the near field produced at the sample surface by external illumination. This technique has been applied using visible, infrared, terahertz and gigahertz radiation to illuminate the sample, providing a resolution well beyond the diffraction limit. NSOM is well suited to study surface waves such as surface plasmons or surface-phonon polaritons. Using an aperture NSOM with visible laser illumination, a near-field interference pattern around a corral structure has been observed, whose features were similar to the scanning tunnelling microscope image of the electronic waves in a quantum corral. Here we describe an infrared NSOM that operates without any external illumination: it is a near-field analogue of a night-vision camera, making use of the thermal infrared evanescent fields emitted by the surface, and behaves as an optical scanning tunnelling microscope. We therefore term this instrument a 'thermal radiation scanning tunnelling microscope' (TRSTM). We show the first TRSTM images of thermally excited surface plasmons, and demonstrate spatial coherence effects in near-field thermal emission.     

XML文档对象模型（XML DOM）研究与应用

介绍了XML的两种解析方法,重点分析了DOM模型及其特点,并给出了应用DOM技术对XML文档的一种解析处理过程。     

差热分析(DTA)实验条件的研究

通常涉及热分析的文献中都会表明实验条件 ,除此以外 ,还应重视防震条件和环境中轻微震动对DTA曲线的影响 ,特别是把 DTA曲线当作指纹信息应用时 .