Lipoprotein lipase activator deficiency in very low density lipoproteins in rat nephrotic syndrome.

Marked urinary loss of lipoprotein lipase activator in experimental rat nephrotic syndrome may be partly responsible for its deficiency in plasma very low density lipoproteins.     

崩解剂羧甲基淀粉的固相合成及性能

对崩解剂羧甲基淀粉（CMS）固相合成方法进行了研究，筛选了固相合成CMS用催化剂，合成了医药用崩解剂羧甲基淀粉，考察了碱和一氯乙酸用量对CMS取供度（DS）的影响及DS和CMS中游离羧基和成盐羧基比（H／Na）对崩解剂吸水溶胀性能的影响。实验表明，该合成方法与溶液相比，节约了有机溶剂，降低了生产成本，提高了产品质量和收率。     

锌冶炼中酸浸渣的锌铅分离

研究了含亮铅锌矿经沸腾炉焙烧的挥发氧化物酸浸处理的浸渣的锌、铅分离，使用添加剂ＬＨＹ后，常压下用硫酸浸取，在实验条件下，锌的浸取率达９８％以上，而铅仍以硫酸铅的形式留在浸渣中，从而有效地将锌、铅分离，而其中稀有元素铟的浸出率也较高。     

Structure and assembly of the 20S proteasome

The barrel-shaped 20S proteasome is one of the two components of a larger 26S particle, the multicatalytic 2000-kDa protease complex. The proteolytic sites are located in the inner chamber of the 20S particle and are only accessible via narrow entrances. This paper reviews the current knowledge concerning proteasome formation, proteolytic activities, structural aspects and assembly. Eukaryotic proteasomes are made up by four rings each of which contains seven different subunits occurring at fixed positions. While the outer rings contain α-type subunits, the inner ones comprise β-type subunits. The current assembly model for eukaryotic 20S proteasomes is based upon the detection of 13S and 16S intermediates, respectively, in addition to previous findings with archaebacterial and eubacterial proteasome assembly. The available data suggest a cooperative assembly of the α-type and β-type subunits into half proteasome-like complexes followed by dimerization into proteasomes. During or after dimerization of half proteasomes, the β-type subunits are processed. The prosequence of the β-type subunits is essential for the assembly process and prevents protease activity of immature proteasomes.     

Pauli versus Heisenberg: A Case Study of the Heuristic Role of Philosophy

This article analyses an episode in the earlyhistory of quantum theory: the controversy betweenPauli and Heisenberg about the anomalous Zeemaneffect, which was a main stumbling block for the oldquantum theory of Bohr. It is argued that theindividual philosophical views of both Pauli andHeisenberg directed their attempts to solve theanomaly and decisively influenced the solutions theyproposed. The results of this case study arecompared with the assertions of four theories ofscientific change, namely those of Kuhn, Lakatos,Laudan and Giere.     

Promises of Presence

My review of Ike Kamphof’s “Webcams to Save Nature: Online Space as Affective and Ethical Space” focuses on the question how the engagement of the spectator of the described websites is temporally structured and how the discrepancy between the instantaneity of affective response and the duration of moral engagement is solved. I propose to draw on Alexander Nehamas’ philosophy of beauty as an in-between, bringing affect and ethics closer together.     

The Observer Effect

Founding our analysis on the Geneva-Brussels approach to the foundations of physics, we provide a clarification and classification of the key concept of observation. An entity can be observed with or without a scope. In the second case, the observation is a purely non-invasive discovery process; in the first case, it is a purely invasive process, which can involve either creation or destruction aspects. An entity can also be observed with or without a full control over the observational process. In the latter case, the observation can be described by a symmetry breaking mechanism, through which a specific deterministic observational process is selected among a number of potential ones, as explained in Aerts’ hidden measurement approach. This is what is called a product test, or product observation, whose consequences are that outcomes can only be predicted in probabilistic terms, as it is the case in typical quantum measurements. We also show that observations can be about intrinsic (stable) properties of the observed entity, or about relational (ephemeral) properties between the observer and observed entities; also, they can be about intermediate properties, neither purely classical, nor purely quantum. Our analysis allows us to propose a general conceptual characterization of quantum measurements, as observational processes involving three aspects: (1) product observations, (2) pure creation aspects and (3) ephemeral relational properties. We also discuss the important concept of non-spatiality and emphasize some of the differences and similarities between quantum and classical/relativistic observations.     

An unusual silver celestial planisphere in the Whipple Museum

An unusual silver celestial planisphere is held in the collection of the Whipple Museum of the History of Science (Wh.1762); little information about this object is recorded in the museum’s documentation. A comparison of this silver example with celestial planispheres printed on paper, coupled with the consideration of other aspects of the lives and work of the cartographers and instrument-makers involved in producing such objects, suggests some possibilities regarding its production. Through this individual case study, I aim to demonstrate that the careful examination of an individual instrument, coupled with an understanding of the class of instruments to which it belongs and the milieu in which it was produced, can result in a deeper understanding of any given artefact, its circumstances of design and manufacture, and its intended use and users.     

重组葡激酶(r-Sak)工程菌发酵工艺的研究

通过对影响重组葡激酶表达的几个主要因素的研究，建立了较为适宜的发酵条件：接种量4%；初始pH7.2；在A600nm=2.5时加20%蔗糖诱导，诱导后4～5h收获，发酵液上清r-Sak含量可达到250mg/L以上，酶活力可达到6500RU/ml以上。