Exocytotic fusion is activated by Rab3a peptides.

Studies of intracellular traffic in yeast and mammalian systems have implicated members of the Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins as regulators of membrane fusion. We have used the patch clamp technique to measure exocytotic fusion events directly and investigate the role of GTP-binding proteins in regulating exocytosis in mast cells. Intracellular perfusion of mast cells with GTP-gamma S is sufficient to trigger complete exocytotic degranulation in the absence of other intracellular messengers. Here we show that GTP is a potent inhibitor of GTP-gamma S-induced degranulation, indicating that sustained activation of a GTP-binding protein is sufficient for membrane fusion. We have found that synthetic oligopeptides, corresponding to part of the effector domain of Rab3a, stimulate complete exocytotic degranulation, similar to that induced by GTP-gamma S. The response is selective for Rab3a sequence and is strictly dependent on Mg2+ and ATP. This suggests that sustained activation of a Rab3 protein causes exocytotic fusion. The peptide response can be accelerated by GDP-beta S, suggesting that Rab3a peptides compete with endogenous Rab3 proteins for a binding site on a target effector protein, which causes fusion on activation.     

多目标多阶段决策问题最优化方法及应用

本文提出了可行状态点,可行边和可行策略等概念,建立了一种新的解决多目标多阶段决策问题的方法,介绍了这一方法的应用实例:     

Retrograde transport of endocytosed Shiga toxin to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Shiga toxin and some other protein toxins that act on targets in the cytosol have previously been shown to enter the trans-Golgi network. Transport by this route may be necessary for translocation of the toxin to the cytosol and for intoxication, but it is not known whether the enzymatically active part of the toxins actually enters the cytosol from the trans-Golgi network. It has been suggested that such toxins are transported in a retrograde manner to the endoplasmic reticulum and that translocation occurs in this organelle, but retrograde transport of endocytosed material beyond the trans-Golgi network has never been demonstrated. Here we show that in butyric acid-treated A431 cells endocytosed Shiga toxin is not only transported to the trans-Golgi network, but also to all Golgi stacks, to the endoplasmic reticulum and to the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, butyric acid sensitizes the cells to Shiga toxin, which is consistent with the possibility that retrograde transport is required for translocation of the toxin to the cytosol.     

本科生教育中管理育人的思考

受政治、经济、社会环境变化的影响，管理育人的内容和要求也发生了重大的变化。联系实际，分析管理育人德育功能的内在要求，指出应处理好的几个重要关系。     

冠心病患者拔牙前后的内科保障

冠心病患者拔牙有一定的危险性,不但要严格掌握拔牙适应症,还要采取系统的内科保障,确保生命安全本报告有120例冠心病患者临床资料,介绍冠心病患者的拔牙指征和常用的内科治疗措施.     

高毒低效农药在土壤中的行为

对农药在土壤中的历程，残留及分解以及和微生物的关系作了较详的研究报导，在保护环境以及确保人类需求食品安全的今天，开展这类课题的研究有着重要的现实意义。