长江口悬浮颗粒有机絮凝研究

用带电子探针的扫描电子显微镜分析和测定了长江口悬浮颗粒样品,在不同盐度的试样中,首次发现了大小、形状,组成各不相同的有机絮凝体.作者根据长江口的物理化学环境和悬浮颗粒的性质,探讨了有机絮凝体的形成机理,认为二步桥联模式能比较园满地解释长江口悬浮颗粒有机絮凝体的形成.     

头台—茂兴地区扶余油层沉积微相研究

以岩心的沉积学标志为基础,结合测井相、地震相划分了头台—茂兴地区扶余油层(泉四段)的沉积徽相。主要有三种相类型:湖泊相(包括滨浅亚湖、湖泛平原亚相和浅湖砂坝微相)、三角洲相(主要是三角洲前缘亚相中的河口砂坝、远砂坝和分支河道微相)、河流相(实为三角洲水上平原的分支河流)。该区油层主要富集于浅湖砂坝、河口砂坝和边滩微相的砂岩中。     

Mediation of mouse natural cytotoxic activity by tumour necrosis factor

Natural cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in the mouse has been associated with two types of effector cells, the natural killer (NK) cell and the natural cytotoxic (NC) cell, which seem to differ with regard to their patterns of target selectivity, cell surface characteristics and susceptibility to regulatory factors. During studies on the mechanism of action of cytotoxic molecules, it became evident that WEHI-164, the prototype NC target cell, was highly susceptible to direct lysis by both human and mouse recombinant tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Here we show that NC, but not NK activity mediated by normal splenocytes, is abrogated by rabbit antibodies to recombinant and natural TNF, respectively. Thus, the cell-mediated activity defined as NC is due to release of TNF by normal spleen cells and does not represent a unique natural effector mechanism.     

Seismic tomography of the Moon

We attempted to determine the first three-dimensional P and S wave velocity and Poisson＇s ratio structures of the lunar crust and mantle down to 1000 km depth under the near-side of the Moon by applying seismic tomography to the moonquake arrival-time data recorded by the Apollo seismic network operated during 1969 to 1977. Our results show that significant lateral heterogeneities may exist in the lunar interior. Because there is no plate tectonics in the Moon, the lateral heterogeneities may be produced at the early stage of the Moon formation and evolution, and they have been preserved till today. There seems to be a correlation between the distribution of deep moonquakes and lateral velocity variations in the lunar lower mantle, suggesting that the occurrence of deep moonquakes may be affected by the lunar structural heterogeneity in addition to the tidal stresses. Although this is an experimental work and the result is still preliminary, it indicates that tomographic imaging of the lunar interior is feasible.     

Escape from adaptive conflict after duplication in an anthocyanin pathway gene

Gene duplications have been recognized as an important source of evolutionary innovation and adaptation since at least Haldane, and their varying fates may partly explain the vast disparity in observed genome sizes. The expected fates of most gene duplications involve primarily non-adaptive substitutions leading to either non-functionalization of one duplicate copy or subfunctionalization, neither of which yields novel function. A significant evolutionary problem is thus elucidating the mechanisms of adaptive evolutionary change leading to evolutionary novelty. Currently, the most widely recognized adaptive process involving gene duplication is neo-functionalization (NEO-F), in which one copy undergoes directional selection to perform a novel function after duplication. An alternative, but understudied, adaptive fate that has been proposed is escape from adaptive conflict (EAC), in which a single-copy gene is selected to perform a novel function while maintaining its ancestral function. This gene is constrained from improving either novel or ancestral function because of detrimental pleiotropic effects on the other function. After duplication, one copy is free to improve novel function, whereas the other is selected to improve ancestral function. Here we first present two criteria that can be used to distinguish NEO-F from EAC. Using both tests for positive selection and assays of enzyme function, we then demonstrate that adaptive evolutionary change in a duplicated gene of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in morning glories (Ipomoea) is best interpreted as EAC. Finally, we argue that this phenomenon likely occurs more often than has been previously believed and may thus represent an important mechanism in generating evolutionary novelty.     

喷水涡旋空气压缩机工作特性的研究

从变质量系统热力学原理出发,考虑喷水涡旋空气压缩机的换热及工作特点,建立了其热力学模型.通过对喷水涡旋压缩机工作过程的模拟,分析了转速、喷水量、功率、排气温度等参数之间的关系.模拟计算及实验结果表明:当喷水量为60kg/h,排气压力为0 2MPa时,涡旋压缩机的实际功率接近于等温功率,并且随着转速的提高逐渐偏离等温功率;容积效率随着转速的提高而增大,在转速小于3000r/min的范围内,转速对涡旋压缩机的容积效率影响较大;排气温度随着喷水量的增大而降低,与绝热过程相比,在压比为2 0时,排气温度的降低大于40K;喷水引起的额外耗功比压缩机的指示功率小3%.     

非晶硅太阳电池背接触界面和n型层参数敏感性研究

在参照国内外大量实验测量数据的基础上,建立了pin结构非晶硅太阳电池的计算模型．通过一系列模拟计算和分析,研究了电池3个外部特性和能量转换效率对背接触界面和n型层参数的敏感性．结果表明,背接触势垒高度和n型层掺杂浓度是对电池外部特性参数有显著影响的敏感参教;背面反射率只对短路电流和转换效率的改善有贡献且最大增幅均小于10％;背接触界面载流子表面复合速率和n型层的厚度、迁移率隙、载流子迁移率等参数对电池各外部特性的影响均很小．根据对计算结果的分析,提出了背接触界面和n型层参数的一组优化值,并指出背接触势垒高度和n型层掺杂浓度应作为理论和工艺研究重点．     

湿热地区城市热环境评价指标的简化计算方法

针对室外热环境评价指标——湿球黑球温度在实测和数值计算中较难获得的问题,于夏季在湿热地区广州收集了空气干球温度、湿球温度、黑球温度、相对湿度、风速、太阳辐射和湿球黑球温度等数据,对收集的数据进行相关性分析和回归分析．相关性分析结果表明：空气温度、相对湿度、太阳辐射与湿球黑球温度具有一定的线性相关性,可以用作湿球黑球温度的简化计算参数;回归分析结果表明：回归的关联式与实测湿球黑球温度的相关性较高,并且满足多元线性回归的各项检验,因此具有较高的可信度,可以在城市热环境的实测评价和数值预测过程中,作为湿球黑球温度的简化计算方法来使用．     

A point mutation in the neu oncogene mimics ligand induction of receptor aggregation

The rat neu gene, which encodes a protein closely related to the epidermal growth factor receptor, is a proto-oncogene that can be converted into an oncogene by a point mutation. Both genes encode proteins with a relative molecular mass of 185,000 but the question of why the neu gene product, p185neu, is oncogenic, whereas the product of c-neu, p185c-neu, is not, remains unanswered. The proteins have several features common to the family of tyrosine kinase growth-factor receptors, including cysteine-rich external domains, a hydrophobic transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The oncogenic p185neu differs from p185c-neu by an amino-acid substitution in the transmembrane region of the glycoprotein: this replacement of valine by glutamic acid at position 664 induces increased intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which is associated with transformation. Many glycoproteins with charged amino acids in the transmembrane region exist as multimeric complexes at the plasma membrane. We have therefore investigated the association state of both products of the neu gene and show that the oncoprotein p185neu is organized at the plasma membrane primarily in an aggregated form, but that p185c-neu is not. Induction of an aggregated state may mimic aspects of ligand-induced receptor aggregation resulting in enzymatic activation that leads to cellular transformation.     

Characterization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosome-binding activity.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes of mammalian cells contain specific ribosome-binding sites. A purification to apparent homogeneity of a negatively charged protein (ERp180) of relative molecular mass 180,000 (180 K) was reported which was proposed to function as a rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosome receptor. We report here that ribosome-binding site activity quantitatively solubilized from rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes does not cofractionate with ERp180. By contrast, ribosome-binding site activity fractionates as a much smaller, positively charged protein.