复合污染背景下陆地棉对土壤镉的耐受和富集特征

采用田间调查采样与可控盆栽试验的方法,研究了我国大面积种植的非食源性经济作物——陆地棉在土壤复合污染条件下对重金属镉(Cd)的耐受与富集特征.结果表明:陆地棉对石灰性壤质土壤中Cd具有显著的忍耐性,即当土壤中Cd质量分数w达到20.258 mg.kg-1时,陆地棉生长发育才趋向缓慢或病态;陆地棉对土壤中Cd具有显著的富集性,其各组织对Cd富集系数(biological concentration factor,BCF)由大到小的序列为:叶片、茎秆、根系、果壳、籽粒、纤维,其中茎秆、根系、果壳大小相当;在污灌区土壤中w(Cd)未超标的情况下,通过陆地棉萃取可使棉田表土层(0~20cm)中w(Cd)每年降低0.001 3~0.002 0 mg.kg-1;陆地棉各组织对土壤中Cd的BCF(Y)值随土壤中w(Cd)(X)的增加呈现指数递减,其拟合关系式为:Y=Y0+a.e-b.X,即当w(Cd)由0.258 mg.kg-1增加到约1.00 mg.kg-1时,BCF值急剧递减;当w(Cd)由1.00 mg.kg-1继续增加时,BCF值则趋于平缓的低值区间,表明这时陆地棉对土壤Cd污染只具有忍耐性,其吸附机能可能已经退化.     

ATM damage response and XLF repair factor are functionally redundant in joining DNA breaks

Classical non-homologous DNA end-joining (NHEJ) is a major mammalian DNA double-strand-break (DSB) repair pathway. Deficiencies for classical NHEJ factors, such as XRCC4, abrogate lymphocyte development, owing to a strict requirement for classical NHEJ to join V(D)J recombination DSB intermediates. The XRCC4-like factor (XLF; also called NHEJ1) is mutated in certain immunodeficient human patients and has been implicated in classical NHEJ; however, XLF-deficient mice have relatively normal lymphocyte development and their lymphocytes support normal V(D)J recombination. The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein (ATM) detects DSBs and activates DSB responses by phosphorylating substrates including histone H2AX. However, ATM deficiency causes only modest V(D)J recombination and lymphocyte developmental defects, and H2AX deficiency does not have a measurable impact on these processes. Here we show that XLF, ATM and H2AX all have fundamental roles in processing and joining DNA ends during V(D)J recombination, but that these roles have been masked by unanticipated functional redundancies. Thus, combined deficiency of ATM and XLF nearly blocks mouse lymphocyte development due to an inability to process and join chromosomal V(D)J recombination DSB intermediates. Combined XLF and ATM deficiency also severely impairs classical NHEJ, but not alternative end-joining, during IgH class switch recombination. Redundant ATM and XLF functions in classical NHEJ are mediated by ATM kinase activity and are not required for extra-chromosomal V(D)J recombination, indicating a role for chromatin-associated ATM substrates. Correspondingly, conditional H2AX inactivation in XLF-deficient pro-B lines leads to V(D)J recombination defects associated with marked degradation of unjoined V(D)J ends, revealing that H2AX has a role in this process.     

Magnetoelectric and converse magnetoelectric res ponses in TbxDy1-xFe2-y alloy ＆ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3 crystal laminated composites

Measured results of magnetoelectric （ME） and converse magnetoelectric （CME） effects of TbxDy1-xFe2-y/ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3/TbxDy1-xFe2-y （TD/PMNT/TD） and PMNT/TD/PMNT laminated composites are presented. ME effect was determined by measuring laminate voltage output under a Helmholtz-generated AC field biased by a DC field （0-1 kOe） （1Oe = 79.58 A/m）. The CME effect was measured by recording the voltage induced in a solenoid encompassing the ME sample while exposed to a DC bias field and PMNT layer driven by a 10 V AC source. The ME and CME responses in the two laminated structure are linear. The highest values of ME coefficients in TD/PMNT/TD and PMNT/TD/PMNT composites are 384 mV/Oe and 158 mV/Oe, respectively, while the highest values of CME coefficients in the two composites are 118 mG/V and 162 mG/V （1 G=10^-4 T）, respectively.