苯胺在土壤中的自然降解作用及化学氧化修复技术研究

研究了苯胺在土壤中的自然降解作用和化学氧化修复效果。结果表明:168h内自然降解方式对土壤中497.25mg·kg-1和1 195.67mg·kg-1苯胺的去除率分别为92.79%和92.88%;降解过程符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为49.51h和46.21h;自然降解过程主要依靠挥发和光降解。与自然降解相比,化学氧化修复具有修复效率高、修复周期短等优势。H2O2、Fenton试剂、类Fenton试剂、KMnO4和活化Na2S2O8等五种氧化剂中,活化Na2S2O8和KMnO4对土壤中苯胺的氧化去除率最高,分别为99.96%和99.20%,但氧化后样品上清液中氧化剂残留量高,均高于25%。类Fenton试剂对土壤中苯胺的氧化去除率可达99.00%,氧化后上清液中苯胺残留量和氧化剂残留量分别为0.97%和0.78%,是五种氧化剂中最理想的氧化剂。     

一个基于启发式分离向量搜索的凸多面体碰撞检测算法

碰撞检测是自然环境计算机模拟的基础,机器人等领域有着广泛的应用,本文提出了一个用于多面体碰撞检测的快速算法HS-jump,HP-jump算法建立了一个有效的检测模型,当两个凸多面体碰撞时,可以快速的报告它们之间碰撞, 当两个物体分离时,该算法提供了一个启发式搜索策略,用于快速的搜索分离物体的分离向量两个分离物体的分离平面的法 向量,与已有的算法相比,HS-jump算法可以更平衡的处理碰撞、分离的情况。     

Forecasting exchange rate volatility: a multiple horizon comparison using historical,realized and implied volatility measures

Recent studies suggest realized volatility provides forecasts that are as good as option‐implied volatilities, with improvement stemming from the use of high‐frequency data instead of a long‐memory specification. This paper examines whether volatility persistence can be captured by a longer dataset consisting of over 15 years of intra‐day data. Volatility forecasts are evaluated using four exchange rates (AUD/USD, EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/JPY) over horizons ranging from 1 day to 3 months, using an expanded set of short‐range and long‐range dependence models. The empirical results provide additional evidence that significant incremental information is found in historical forecasts, beyond the implied volatility information for all forecast horizons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical simulation of March 11, 2011 Honshu, Japan tsunami

In order to predict tsunami hazards through numerical simulation,by using the focal mechanisms as well as fault parameters of Japan’s 2011 Tohoku Earthquake provided by National Geological Survey(referred to as USGS),we proposed a numerical model to simulate the Honshu,Japan tsunami.Numerical computing is conducted to investigate the security along the coast.We also analyzed the simulation results and distribution of tsunami disaster,trying to achieve a more reasonable tsunami warning program.Our numerical model is composed of simulation of surface deformation after the earthquake and the tsunami propagation process which is based on two dimensional shallow water equations.The simulation results show the characteristics of the tsunami propagation,and arrival times on recorder points are consistent with tsunami observation.This model can be applied to evaluate the security of the coastal area and obtain more accurate tsunami warning.     

Long-term evolution and transmission dynamics of swine influenza A virus

Swine influenza A viruses (SwIV) cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry as well as instances of human disease and occasionally give rise to human pandemics, including that caused by the H1N1/2009 virus. The lack of systematic and longitudinal influenza surveillance in pigs has hampered attempts to reconstruct the origins of this pandemic. Most existing swine data were derived from opportunistic samples collected from diseased pigs in disparate geographical regions, not from prospective studies in defined locations, hence the evolutionary and transmission dynamics of SwIV are poorly understood. Here we quantify the epidemiological, genetic and antigenic dynamics of SwIV in Hong Kong using a data set of more than 650 SwIV isolates and more than 800 swine sera from 12?years of systematic surveillance in this region, supplemented with data stretching back 34?years. Intercontinental virus movement has led to reassortment and lineage replacement, creating an antigenically and genetically diverse virus population whose dynamics are quantitatively different from those previously observed for human influenza viruses. Our findings indicate that increased antigenic drift is associated with reassortment events and offer insights into the emergence of influenza viruses with epidemic potential in swine and humans.     

Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a polymorphic supergene controlling butterfly mimicry

Supergenes are tight clusters of loci that facilitate the co-segregation of adaptive variation, providing integrated control of complex adaptive phenotypes. Polymorphic supergenes, in which specific combinations of traits are maintained within a single population, were first described for 'pin' and 'thrum' floral types in Primula and Fagopyrum, but classic examples are also found in insect mimicry and snail morphology. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that generate these co-adapted gene sets, as well as the mode of limiting the production of unfit recombinant forms, remains a substantial challenge. Here we show that individual wing-pattern morphs in the polymorphic mimetic butterfly Heliconius numata are associated with different genomic rearrangements at the supergene locus P. These rearrangements tighten the genetic linkage between at least two colour-pattern loci that are known to recombine in closely related species, with complete suppression of recombination being observed in experimental crosses across a 400-kilobase interval containing at least 18 genes. In natural populations, notable patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) are observed across the entire P region. The resulting divergent haplotype clades and inversion breakpoints are found in complete association with wing-pattern morphs. Our results indicate that allelic combinations at known wing-patterning loci have become locked together in a polymorphic rearrangement at the P locus, forming a supergene that acts as a simple switch between complex adaptive phenotypes found in sympatry. These findings highlight how genomic rearrangements can have a central role in the coexistence of adaptive phenotypes involving several genes acting in concert, by locally limiting recombination and gene flow.     

使用者为本的公共设计

香港理工大学公共设计研究室对公共洗手间进行个案研究,探讨如何能以较理想的方法解决关于公共事务问题的设计方法和策略。研究方法包括文献研究、实地观察、深入访谈、环境及产品设计分析。结果显示在解决一些关于公共事务和公众利益的问题时,不同的政府、决策者、专业人士和市民会把重点放在不同的层面和领域。然而,由于缺乏一个联系不同层面和领域的核心枢纽,在很多情况中,使用一些所谓全面的方法所得到的效果并不如设想中的那么理想。根据香港公共洗手间设计的深入个案研究,结论是设计应平衡地考虑规划、实施和管理这3个层面,并以使用者为中心来联系它们,从而在公共设计领域中,提出一个以使用者为本的新的公共设计模型。     

Gastric secretion in the rat following histidine loading

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass Pentagastrin (ICI-50123) 200 g/ml/kgh die Magensaftsekretion in der Shay-Ratte 2 h nach Ligatur des Pylorus erhöht. Die Histaminspeicher des Rattenmagens wurden reduziert und Histidindecarboxylase-Aktivität gesteigert. Verabreichung von 1000 mg/kg Histidin erhöht den basalen Histaminspiegel, jedoch wurde die Histidindecarboxylase-Aktivität bei normaler Magensaftsekretion nicht durch Pentagastrin induziert.     

Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia

A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, H5N1, caused disease outbreaks in poultry in China and seven other east Asian countries between late 2003 and early 2004; the same virus was fatal to humans in Thailand and Vietnam. Here we demonstrate a series of genetic reassortment events traceable to the precursor of the H5N1 viruses that caused the initial human outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997 (refs 2-4) and subsequent avian outbreaks in 2001 and 2002 (refs 5, 6). These events gave rise to a dominant H5N1 genotype (Z) in chickens and ducks that was responsible for the regional outbreak in 2003-04. Our findings indicate that domestic ducks in southern China had a central role in the generation and maintenance of this virus, and that wild birds may have contributed to the increasingly wide spread of the virus in Asia. Our results suggest that H5N1 viruses with pandemic potential have become endemic in the region and are not easily eradicable. These developments pose a threat to public and veterinary health in the region and potentially the world, and suggest that long-term control measures are required.