BEM Analysis of Wave Propagation in a Water-Filled Borehole in an Anisotropic Solid

This paper describes a time-domain boundary element method developed to analyze the interactions of acoustic and elastic waves near the interfaces between water and an anisotropic elastic solid. Two models are analyzed with one being the interface between two half spaces of fluid and solid and the other being a fluid region sandwiched by half space domains of anisotropic elastic solids. Both monopole and dipole point sources are used to generate an initial pressure wave in the fluid. Some snapshots of the transient wave behavior near the fluid-solid interfaces are given. The effect of the anisotropy in the solid on the pressure waveforms in the fluid is discussed. The numerical results allow detailed arrival identification and interpretation of acoustic and elastic waves propagating along the fluid-solid interfaces.     

基于MIC特征提取与BO-CatBoost的航空发动机RUL预测

针对航空发动机传感器监测的退化参数提取困难,易受噪声干扰及发动机剩余使用寿命预测精度不足等问题,利用最大信息系数、贝叶斯优化算法和类别特征梯度提升算法,提出了一种新的发动机剩余使用寿命预测模型。首先,为有效解决特征提取不足的问题,对采集的传感器历史监测特征进行最大信息系数相关性计算,提取出对发动机寿命运行周期影响较大的关键退化特征。其次,为解决剩余使用寿命预测中的梯度偏差及预测偏移问题,使用基于贝叶斯优化的类别特征梯度提升方法对航空发动机进行剩余使用寿命预测。最后,在美国航空航天局提供的商用模块化航空推进系统仿真数据集上进行实验,结果表明所提预测方法的性能较好,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于GIS的通信光缆故障检修保障系统

光缆一旦发生故障将严重影响正常通信。为了解决光缆故障带来的严重后果,根据光缆网络在地理分布上的空间及环境特征,以地理信息系统(GIS)为基础对光缆及沿线信息实现空间数据库的管理和对故障位置的快速、准确定位,同时给出故障地点及周围的地形地貌等多媒体信息;结合GIS的缓冲区和路径分析功能,搜寻到达光缆故障点的最佳路径,并进一步给出处理故障的应急决策方案。该应用在有效的管理通信光缆资源,缩短抢修时间,减少因故障的发生而带来的损失方面取得了满意的效果。     

Grenvillian orogeny in the Southern Cathaysia Block: Constraints from U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircon from metamorphic basement

Metamorphic basement rocks in the Cathaysia Block are composed mainly of meta-sediments with different ages. New zircon U-Pb geochronological results from the meta-sedimentary rocks exposed in the Zengcheng and Hezi areas, southern Cathaysia Block, show that they consist dominantly of early Neoproterozoic （1.0-0.9 Ga） materials with minor Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic and late Neoproterozoic （0.8-0.6 Ga） components, suggesting that the detritus mostly come from a Grenvillian orogen. The youngest detrital zircon ages place a constraint on the deposition time of these sediments in Late Neoproterozoic. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that the Grenvillian zircons were derived from the reworking of Mesoproterozoic arc magmatic rocks and Paleoproterozoic continental crust, implying an arc-continent collisional setting. Single-peak age spectra and the presence of abundant euhedral Grenvillian zircons suggest that the sedimentary provenance is not far away from the sample location. Thus, the Grenvillian orogen probably preexisted along the southern margin of the Cathaysia Block, or very close to the south. Similarity in the ages of Grenvillian orogeny and the influence of the assembly of Gondwana in South China with India and East Antarctic are discussed, with suggestion that South China was more likely linked with the India-East Antarctica continents in Early Neoproterozoic rather than between western Laurentia and eastern Australia.     

热提羊栖菜多糖对黑腹果蝇生长的影响

【目的】研究经热提醇沉得到的羊栖菜多糖(SFPs)对黑腹果蝇生长的影响。【方法】采用85℃热水煮提,乙醇沉淀,氯化钙去除褐藻淀粉等多种工序提取羊栖菜多糖,并分析其化学性质;以黑腹果蝇为实验对象,研究羊栖菜多糖浓度对黑腹果蝇幼虫体型、体重和羽化的影响。【结果】经热提醇沉得到的羊栖菜多糖纯度较高,总糖含量高达81.93%,分子量和单糖组成较稳定。与对照组相比,经羊栖菜多糖处理后,黑腹果蝇在体型和体重上均有增加。实验组0.1%♀和1.5%♀与对照组CK♀存在显著差异(P0.05),0.5%♀组与对照组CK♀存在极显著差异(P0.01);实验组0.1%♂、0.5%♂、1.5%♂与对照组CK♂存在显著差异,但实验组之间并没有显著差异,其中1.5%♂组增重最为明显。实验组与对照组在幼虫孵化率上存在显著差异;对照组黑腹果蝇从卵至羽化为5~8d,0.1%和0.5%组为6~9d,1.5%组为6~10d。0.1%♀、1.5%♀、0.1%♂组与相对应的对照组相比,羽化数量存在显著差异;对比羽化成虫雌雄比例,只有1.5%组与CK组存在显著差异。【结论】经热提醇沉法提取的羊栖菜多糖性质稳定,能降低黑腹果蝇幼虫羽化率,延长幼虫羽化时间,对果蝇后代的雌雄比例略有影响,同时可以增大成虫体型,增加成虫体重。     

On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals.

Photonic bandgap crystals can reflect light for any direction of propagation in specific wavelength ranges. This property, which can be used to confine, manipulate and guide photons, should allow the creation of all-optical integrated circuits. To achieve this goal, conventional semiconductor nanofabrication techniques have been adapted to make photonic crystals. A potentially simpler and cheaper approach for creating three-dimensional periodic structures is the natural assembly of colloidal microspheres. However, this approach yields irregular, polycrystalline photonic crystals that are difficult to incorporate into a device. More importantly, it leads to many structural defects that can destroy the photonic bandgap. Here we show that by assembling a thin layer of colloidal spheres on a silicon substrate, we can obtain planar, single-crystalline silicon photonic crystals that have defect densities sufficiently low that the bandgap survives. As expected from theory, we observe unity reflectance in two crystalline directions of our photonic crystals around a wavelength of 1.3 micrometres. We also show that additional fabrication steps, intentional doping and patterning, can be performed, so demonstrating the potential for specific device applications.     

Programmable and autonomous computing machine made of biomolecules.

Devices that convert information from one form into another according to a definite procedure are known as automata. One such hypothetical device is the universal Turing machine, which stimulated work leading to the development of modern computers. The Turing machine and its special cases, including finite automata, operate by scanning a data tape, whose striking analogy to information-encoding biopolymers inspired several designs for molecular DNA computers. Laboratory-scale computing using DNA and human-assisted protocols has been demonstrated, but the realization of computing devices operating autonomously on the molecular scale remains rare. Here we describe a programmable finite automaton comprising DNA and DNA-manipulating enzymes that solves computational problems autonomously. The automaton's hardware consists of a restriction nuclease and ligase, the software and input are encoded by double-stranded DNA, and programming amounts to choosing appropriate software molecules. Upon mixing solutions containing these components, the automaton processes the input molecule via a cascade of restriction, hybridization and ligation cycles, producing a detectable output molecule that encodes the automaton's final state, and thus the computational result. In our implementation 1012 automata sharing the same software run independently and in parallel on inputs (which could, in principle, be distinct) in 120 microl solution at room temperature at a combined rate of 109 transitions per second with a transition fidelity greater than 99.8%, consuming less than 10-10 W.     

South-polar features on Venus similar to those near the north pole

Venus has no seasons, slow rotation and a very massive atmosphere, which is mainly carbon dioxide with clouds primarily of sulphuric acid droplets. Infrared observations by previous missions to Venus revealed a bright 'dipole' feature surrounded by a cold 'collar' at its north pole. The polar dipole is a 'double-eye' feature at the centre of a vast vortex that rotates around the pole, and is possibly associated with rapid downwelling. The polar cold collar is a wide, shallow river of cold air that circulates around the polar vortex. One outstanding question has been whether the global circulation was symmetric, such that a dipole feature existed at the south pole. Here we report observations of Venus' south-polar region, where we have seen clouds with morphology much like those around the north pole, but rotating somewhat faster than the northern dipole. The vortex may extend down to the lower cloud layers that lie at about 50 km height and perhaps deeper. The spectroscopic properties of the clouds around the south pole are compatible with a sulphuric acid composition.     

Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array

The effect of quantum statistics in quantum gases and liquids results in observable collective properties among many-particle systems. One prime example is Bose-Einstein condensation, whose onset in a quantum liquid leads to phenomena such as superfluidity and superconductivity. A Bose-Einstein condensate is generally defined as a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle quantum state, a phenomenon technically referred to as off-diagonal long-range order due to non-vanishing off-diagonal components of the single-particle density matrix. The wavefunction of the condensate is an order parameter whose phase is essential in characterizing the coherence and superfluid phenomena. The long-range spatial coherence leads to the existence of phase-locked multiple condensates in an array of superfluid helium, superconducting Josephson junctions or atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Under certain circumstances, a quantum phase difference of pi is predicted to develop among weakly coupled Josephson junctions. Such a meta-stable pi-state was discovered in a weak link of superfluid 3He, which is characterized by a 'p-wave' order parameter. The possible existence of such a pi-state in weakly coupled atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has also been proposed, but remains undiscovered. Here we report the observation of spontaneous build-up of in-phase ('zero-state') and antiphase ('pi-state') 'superfluid' states in a solid-state system; an array of exciton-polariton condensates connected by weak periodic potential barriers within a semiconductor microcavity. These in-phase and antiphase states reflect the band structure of the one-dimensional polariton array and the dynamic characteristics of metastable exciton-polariton condensates.