Sea water intrusion and salt water intrusion in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay

The characteristics, pattern, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical features, and the movement pattern of the salt waterfresh water interface of the sea water intrusion and the salt water intrusion, which occur in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay in Shandong Province, are analysed. The characteristics of the two kinds of intrusion are compared as well. A three-dimensional sea water intrusion model to describe the sea water intrusion with a transitional zone 1.5–6.0 km wide in the phreatic aquifer and a solute transport model describing the behavior of cations exchange in the process of sea water intrusion are established.     

关于“贝种退化”问题的探讨

据称合浦珠母贝在养殖场“退化了”,“变小了”,是“近亲交配”引起的,这种说法已颇为流行,影响也很大。但是,在理论上还说明不了,也未曾见过有合浦珠母贝退化的研究报告。而且,在养殖场的人工育苗生产中,实际上已极大限度地避免了近亲交配,防止了近亲交配引起退化的可能性。所以,这种所谓“近亲交配”引起“退化”的说法,还缺少严格的科学实验根据。事实证明了,养殖的合浦珠母贝同野生个体的生长一样快,但生活环境不同对生长的影响较大,而在管养条件不良时生长最差。因此建议在生产中加强管养工作,育壮苗、养大贝、出好珠,也要加强基础科学知识的教育,促进合浦珠母贝养殖珍珠生产更好更快地发展。     

脂多糖—被动血凝试验早期诊断伤寒的价值

为评估脂多糖－被动血凝试验（ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ）早期诊断伤寒的应用价值,对病程不同的１０２例伤寒患者用ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ、肥达反应和细菌培养进行检测,２００例非伤寒发热患者作为对照。结果显示：伤寒患者病程第一周ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ阳性率为８０％（２４／３０）,第二周达９７７３％（４３／４４）;细菌培养阳性率２４５１％;肥达反应的伤寒与副伤寒鞭毛抗体交叉阳性率达３７２５％;对照组ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ有２％的假阳性。结果表明：ＬＰＳ－ＰＨＡ可早期、简便及快速诊断伤寒,有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

具有自学习功能的电力负荷模糊推理预测

考虑到电力负荷预测问题中存在的不确定性,采用模糊推理预测方法进行负荷预测的研究。该方法利用电力最高负荷和国内生产总值的历史数据建立模糊推理规则,从而进一步建立最高负荷跟国内生产总值之间的模糊蕴涵关系,通过模糊推理得到了负荷预测结果。为了使模型能够象专家一样不断地总结新的经验并调整原有的经验,模型克服了其它模型中知识的凝固性,具有自学习功能。利用某些区的实际数据进行分析计算,得到了满足的结果。     

急性纯氧对SD大鼠损伤的研究

SD大鼠暴露于1ATA100％的急性纯氧中,对其血细胞和肺脏进行研究,以阐明急性纯氧对机体的损伤机制．结果表明：SD大鼠暴露于100％急性纯氧中不同时间,血液中红细胞的浓度（RBC）,红细胞压积（HCT）,血红蛋白浓度（HGB）,平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）,平均红细胞体积（MCV）,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）,白细胞浓度（WBC）等无显著变化（P＞0．05）;但是,白细胞的分类变化显著（P＜0．05）或非常显著（P＜0.01或P＜0．001）,淋巴细胞随SD大鼠在急性纯氧中暴露的时间延长不断下降,中性粒细胞和单核细胞的总数不断升高．急性氧中暴露65小时后,20％的大鼠死亡,存活的大鼠解剖,发现肺部出现严重的炎症,肺的湿重．脂质过氧化（LPO）产物显著增加（P＜0．001）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力明显下降（P＜0．001）．     

Electrophysiological research of synapse formation from beginning to maturity

The development of synapses is an important question in neurobiology. We employ patchclamp technique to record MEPCs and EPCs of myoballs inXenopus cell culture. The rate of EPC/MEPC is related with synapses maturation. Accordingly, we define the mature synapses as those whose rate of presynaptic membrane ’ s EPC to MEPC is more than 8. The process of maturation needs about 2–5 h after neuntes contact with myoballs. We divide the development of synapses into three stages: young, developing and mature. The neurotransmitters stack gradually and increase by hundreds of times along with young synapses growing into maturity. So the process of synapses maturation should include presynaptic membrane specialization, postsynaptic membrane specialization and neurotransmitters stack.     

Relationship between the partitioning properties of motoneuron recruitment and the needle feeling propagation

Histological and physiological studies indicated that most skeletal muscles can be divided into a series of relatively independent sub-volumes: "neuromuscular compartments" and the partitioning property of the muscle result in the localization of muscle reflex. In the present experiment we studied the recruitment properties of medial gastracnemius (MG) muscle motoneuron pool of decerebrate cat with two kinds of local mechanical stimulation: local stretch and acupuncture-like stimuli. The results indicate that: (ⅰ) there is an obvious property of localization of recruitment activity, only the MNs which innervate the stimulated compartment were recruited by weaker and shorter stimuli; (ⅱ) recruitment activity spread to those MNs which supply the adjacent and distal compartments during the strength of stimulation or duration of the stimulation was increased; and (ⅲ) the recruitment property of muscle activity elicited by the local mechanical stimulation is thought similar to that of "needle feeling" along the meridian pathway during stimulation of acupuncture point.     

梯级水电站群最优运行的递阶控制算法

针对位于同一电网的梯极水电站群联合运行的情况,着重研究了在枯水季节最优调度的计算模式,提出了大系统递阶控制的优化算法。该算法也同样适用于规划中的梯级水电站。实例计算表明该算法是可行的,且解析性强。