服役预应力混凝土空心板梁抗剪承载性能

为分析服役多年的预应力混凝土空心板梁的实际抗剪承载能力及破坏模式,开展了先张法预应力混凝土空心板梁的试验研究和数值模拟.首先对某高速公路拆除的13 m空心板梁进行两点对称加载的破坏试验,然后利用有限元软件ABAQUS对加载全过程进行精细化数值模拟,分析了空心板梁的预应力损失以及后浇层、铰缝与预制梁间的黏结滑移行为对抗剪...     

无锡荣氏家族教育传统及其近代转型

无锡荣氏家族从一个江南乡村贾而兼儒的普通家族转变为近代中国的实业巨族,与该族富有特色的家族教育及其成功的近代转型密切相关。明清时期,该族就形成了读书经商的价值取向、贾而兼儒的家族风气、为用而学的教育理念。近代以来,荣氏家族积极创办新式"荣氏公益小学校",并逐渐增加梯级层次,形成网络体系,荣氏还创办发展图书馆等文化事业,为家族、社会及国家教育事业做出了巨大的贡献。此外,荣氏家族以荣德生为代表所具有的"教重于赡"、"实学实用"、"国学根底"等教育理念也有着深刻的历史影响。     

Artemisinins target the SERCA of Plasmodium falciparum

Artemisinins are extracted from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) and are the most potent antimalarials available, rapidly killing all asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones widely used to treat multidrug-resistant malaria, a disease that annually claims 1 million lives. Despite extensive clinical and laboratory experience their molecular target is not yet identified. Activated artemisinins form adducts with a variety of biological macromolecules, including haem, translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) and other higher-molecular-weight proteins. Here we show that artemisinins, but not quinine or chloroquine, inhibit the SERCA orthologue (PfATP6) of Plasmodium falciparum in Xenopus oocytes with similar potency to thapsigargin (another sesquiterpene lactone and highly specific SERCA inhibitor). As predicted, thapsigargin also antagonizes the parasiticidal activity of artemisinin. Desoxyartemisinin lacks an endoperoxide bridge and is ineffective both as an inhibitor of PfATP6 and as an antimalarial. Chelation of iron by desferrioxamine abrogates the antiparasitic activity of artemisinins and correspondingly attenuates inhibition of PfATP6. Imaging of parasites with BODIPY-thapsigargin labels the cytosolic compartment and is competed by artemisinin. Fluorescent artemisinin labels parasites similarly and irreversibly in an Fe2+-dependent manner. These data provide compelling evidence that artemisinins act by inhibiting PfATP6 outside the food vacuole after activation by iron.     

Microfabrication technology: organized assembly of carbon nanotubes

Nanoscale structures need to be arranged into well-defined configurations in order to build integrated systems. Here we use a chemical-vapour deposition method with gas-phase catalyst delivery to direct the assembly of carbon nanotubes in a variety of predetermined orientations onto silicon/silica substrates, building them into one-, two- and three-dimensional arrangements. The preference of nanotubes to grow selectively on and normal to silica surfaces forces them to inherit the lithographically machined template topography of their substrates, allowing the sites of nucleation and the direction of growth to be controlled.     

浅埋单药包爆炸作用下饱和钙质砂基础液化数值模拟

为研究浅埋单药包爆炸作用下饱和钙质砂基础的液化机理,利用LS-DYNA动力分析软件建立了饱和钙质砂基础爆炸液化动力分析的数值模型,通过与已有文献的试验结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的有效性,并进一步分析了浅埋单药包爆炸对饱和钙质砂基础孔隙水压力的影响.结果表明:饱和钙质砂基础抗爆炸液化能力较强,在相同比例距离下,饱和钙...     

Linkage disequilibrium in the human genome

With the availability of a dense genome-wide map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a central issue in human genetics is whether it is now possible to use linkage disequilibrium (LD) to map genes that cause disease. LD refers to correlations among neighbouring alleles, reflecting 'haplotypes' descended from single, ancestral chromosomes. The size of LD blocks has been the subject of considerable debate. Computer simulations and empirical data have suggested that LD extends only a few kilobases (kb) around common SNPs, whereas other data have suggested that it can extend much further, in some cases greater than 100 kb. It has been difficult to obtain a systematic picture of LD because past studies have been based on only a few (1-3) loci and different populations. Here, we report a large-scale experiment using a uniform protocol to examine 19 randomly selected genomic regions. LD in a United States population of north-European descent typically extends 60 kb from common alleles, implying that LD mapping is likely to be practical in this population. By contrast, LD in a Nigerian population extends markedly less far. The results illuminate human history, suggesting that LD in northern Europeans is shaped by a marked demographic event about 27,000-53,000 years ago.     

农村劳动力转移引发的性问题的调查研究——以昌吉市六工乡为例

农村劳动力转移是解决我国“三农”问题的根本之路。但在农村劳动力向城市转移的过程中,由于受到了城市经济和社会流行文化的冲击,许多人的性意识、性价值观、性道德发生了一定的变化,它的变化必将引发大量性问题的出现。本文在对昌吉市六工乡实地调查基础上,从理论方面探讨了农村劳动力的转移到底引发了哪些性问题、引发的根本原因是什么,社会各界及政府应对此给予什么样的重视与帮助。     

全耦合CFD-DEM颗粒水力输送模型及其在倾斜管中的应用

为克服传统计算流体动力学-离散元法(CFD-DEM)中流体网格需为颗粒尺寸数倍的限制, 该文综合考虑相间作用力和颗粒-湍流相互作用, 建立了基于扩散平均算法的全耦合CFD-DEM密集颗粒水力输送模型。经实验验证, 全耦合模型能很好地预测管内两相流动特性。研究了管道倾角对2 mm粗颗粒水力输送特性包括颗粒空间分布、 两相轴向速度、 流体湍动能和压降等的影响。结果表明： 随着倾角增加, 颗粒由偏向管道底部堆积的分布逐渐向近乎均匀的分布转变, 流体轴向速度和湍动能分布先逐渐不对称后恢复对称, 在60°时不对称程度最大; 颗粒-颗粒和颗粒-壁面间碰撞次数均随倾角增加先略微增加后迅速减小; 两相流压降随倾角增加先增加后减小, 在60°时最大。为降低能耗, 输送颗粒应避免使用60°倾斜管, 尽量使用小角度或大角度倾斜管。     

数控系统的点动控制

点动控制是数控系统手工调节过程中不可缺少的一个重要功能,而点动过程则需要自动升降速,当点动时间短还未达到最高速度时,也要从此速度开始降速,同时还要实时检测是否到用户设置的软限位及机床硬限位。如果到达,禁止机床向超程方向运行。因此详细介绍点动控制的硬件结构和软件结构的原理,给出具体的点动控制调度算法和中断服务程序控制的框图。