达州市农业产业化战略构想和实现途径

达州市为抓住西部大开发机遇必须加速农业产业化建设,达州农业产业化有着丰富的内涵。进行达州农业产业化建设必须进行经营管理体制创新。达州农业产业化建设未来２０年的一般发展进程是：准备奠基阶段、初见规模阶段、普及发展阶段、走向成熟阶段。为确保达州农业产业化建设顺利进行必须认真抓好启动和服务驱动工作,必须坚持农业可持续发展战略和典型示范、耐心诱导、实事求是原则。     

英语科技文献中的汉译探讨

本文笔者对科技英语汉译时的词义选择、词的增减、词的重译、转换和句子分析等诸方面进行了探讨。     

茁霉多糖发酵工艺条件研究

以出芽短梗霉为生产菌株，蔗糖为碳源进行发酵生产茁霉多糖．通过摇瓶实验，确定了该菌株的发酵条件，并对发酵条件进行了优化，在此条件下，获得了较高的多糖产量．实验表明，摇瓶转速和发酵初始pH值是多糖发酵的重要影响因素，它们与多糖的合成密切相关．     

软岩公路隧道二次衬砌支护时间的优化研究

软岩隧道围岩变形速率快、持续时间长,变形量大,使得二衬最佳支护时间的确定成为传统新奥法在软岩隧道应用的难点。基于充分利用围岩自承能力的新奥法理念,对现场多个Ⅳ级围岩断面初期支护变形监测数据进行统计分析,得出二次衬砌的最佳支护时间段为初期支护后22 d~26 d。采用拟合回归分析,得出油坊坪隧道的合理二衬支护时间为初期支护施作以后第24 d。借助FLAC3D内嵌蠕变模型对二衬支护时间进行验证,分析不同支护时机下支护结构的受力特征。结果表明:在蠕变计算计算第25 d以后混凝土喷层和锚杆已发生破坏或者错位,在初支以后第24 d进行二衬支护,二衬拱顶所分担的荷载为马上进行二衬支护的17.5%,周边为8.2%,下降明显,则监测数据分析所得二衬支护时机是合理的,适当提前施作二衬支护是有利的。     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> and <Subscript>O. latifolia</Subscript> by <Subscript>in situ</Subscript> hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） and fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase Ⅰ of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chromosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in complete male sterility in the hybrid.     

Effects of dietary nickel on detoxification enzyme activities in the midgut of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera litura</Emphasis> Fabricius larvae

Nickel accumulated in midugt of Spodoptera litura Fabricius could induce the expression of metallothionein, one of the most important detoxification proteins in organisms. In the present study, the effects of dietary nickel on the activities of detoxification enzymes, such as carboxylesterase （CarE） and giutathione S-transferase （GST） in the midgut of S. litura larvae have been studied to get an understanding of the detoxification mechanisms of S. litura larvae to excessive nickel. Results showed that CarE activities in the midgut of the 5th instar larvae decreased at lower levels of nickel （≤5 mg/kg）, while increased with increasing nickel doses at higher levels of nickel （≥10 mg/kg） exposure in successive 3 generations. CarE activities of the 6th instar larvae were also characterized as inhibited at low levels of nickel exposure, and improved at higher levels in the 1st generation. CarE activities of 6th instar larvae in the 2nd and 3rd generations were all lower than that in control. However, GST activities in the midgut of the 5th and 6th instar larvae all increased with increasing nickel doses （1 --20 mg/kg） in diets.     

Response of the northwestern Pacific upper water δ~(13)C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean

The deglacial δ~13C minimum events that originated from the ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica, have been recorded in a range of marine sediments from the southern to tropical oceans in late Pleistocene. However, the broad δ~13C minimum event was also reported as far as to the northern middle latitudes, in northwestern Pacific marginal sea areas, during the last deglaciation. In the northwestern Pacific, forcing from the northern high latitudes is strongly expressed, while the records of in- fluence from the southern high latitudes are few. The Kuroshio Source Region (KSR) forms a boundary between the northwestern Pacific and the southern, tropical Pacific. So, high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal records in core MD06-3054 from the KSR are well positioned to identify signals from the southern hemisphere in the northwestern Pacific. Planktonic foraminiferal tests from the upper 1030 cm of the core were subject to AMS14C, carbon and oxygen isotopic measurements. A negative excursion was found to occur from about 20.0-6.0 ka BP in δ~13C records of both surface (Globigerinoides ruber) and subsurface (Pulleni- atina obliquiloculata) dwellers, but the overall trends of the two curves have reversed since 26.5 ka BP. Moreover, the δ~13C rec- ord of G. ruber (the surface dweller) shows a robust link to the record of atmospheric CO2, and its changes precede the records of P. obliquiloculata (the subsurface dweller). According to the hydrologic conditions, the broad δ~13C minimum event recorded in the KSR is also a response to the increasing ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica during the last deglaciation. The inconsistency between the records of the surface and subsurface dwellers was possibly caused by the ways that the low δ~13C signal was transmitted. Subsurface water primarily received the low δ~13C signal from the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whereas the surface water was probably mainly impacted by atmospheric CO2 in the KSR. The records from the KSR confirm the deduction that the broad δ~13C minimum event in the Okinawa Trough was due to the impact of tropical Pacific surface water dur- ing the last deglaciation, and suggest that signals from the southern high latitudes also can be delivered to the northern middle latitudes.     

Preparation of the selenomethionine derivative of tabtoxin resistance protein

In order to obtain phase information for the X-ray diffraction of tabtoxin resistance protein (TTR) crystal using the MAD phasing method, a selenomethionine (Se-Met) derivative of TTR was overexpressed in E. coli strain M15, with pQE-30 plasmid, through IPTG induction in M9 medium containing Se-Met. The product was purified to an estimated homogeneity of greater than 95% according to SDS-PAGE, by a Ni-NTA metal affinity followed by a Mono Q anion exchange column chromatography. The successful substitution of Se-Met for methionine (Met) was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and ESI-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry analysis. The derivative crystal was obtained using similar conditions as those for the native.     

The new sideway of CNTF signal transduction pathway

The action of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on intercellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations [Ca²⁺]_i induced by glutamate (Glu) in primary cultured hippocampal neurons were detected with Fura2/AM, a Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorophore, and the morphological influence of G-protein on it was objected. Glu could induce rapid increase of [Ca²⁺]_i in hippocampal neurons. CNTF had no significant action on [Ca²⁺]_i in resting hippocampal neurons. However, after incubation of CNTF for 5 min, the increase of [Ca²⁺]_i in hippocampal neurons rapidly induced by Glu was inhibited. Pretussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G protein could block the action. These results indicate that a new non-genomic rapid sideway might exist in the upper stream of CNTF signal transduction pathway, which was related to Ca²⁺ signal transduction. Keywords:     

面向轮廓精度控制的误差补偿方法

在分析了常用几种误差补偿方法的基础上,指出基于轮廓度误差的误差补偿方法的不足.从轮廓精度与位姿误差无关的特性出发,提出了一种直接面向轮廓精度控制的误差补偿方法--几何自适应误差补偿,论述了该方法的两个组成部分--轮廓匹配和误差预估,推导出效率很高的轮廓匹配公式.仿真结果表明:所提方法可以减小轮廓误差,提高轮廓精度,并能实现高精度轨迹控制.