Conversion of mdx myofibres from dystrophin-negative to -positive by injection of normal myoblasts

An important corollary to the recent advances in our understanding of the primary cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is the validation of genuine genetic homologues as animal models of the disease in which potential therapies can be tested. The persistent skeletal muscle necrosis that characterizes human Duchenne muscular dystrophy is also seen in the mdx mouse and is, in both, a consequence of a deficiency of dystrophin, probably within the muscle fibres themselves. As injected muscle precursor cells of one genotype can fuse with host muscle fibres of a different genotype and express the donor genes, we decided to test grafts of normal muscle precursor cells to see if they could induce synthesis of dystrophin in innately dystrophin-deficient mdx muscle fibres. We show that injected normal muscle precursor cells can fuse with pre-existing or regenerating mdx muscle fibres to render many of these fibres dystrophin-positive and so to partially or wholly rescue them from their biochemical defect.     

Effect of high anodic polarization on the passive layer properties of superduplex stainless steel friction stir welds at different chloride electrolyte pH values and temperatures

The conditions used for friction stir welding of duplex stainless steels determine the resulting mechanical and corrosion performance of the material.This study investigates the corrosion resistance of UNS S32750 and S32760 superduplex stainless steels(SDSSs)joined by friction stir welding,employing cyclic polarization,Mott–Schottky,and microscopy techniques for analysis.The microscopy images indicated the presence of a deleterious intermetallic phase after electrolytic etching of S32760,as well as decreased corrosion resistance.The presence of molybdenum in the steels promoted better passive behavior at low pH.The Mott–Schottky curves revealed p-n heterojunction behavior of the passive oxide.Images acquired after the polarization test by scanning electron microscopy showed higher passivation propensity with increases of temperature and pH.     

基于分级遗传算法的结构损伤识别方法

提出了一种基于遗传算法的利用不完整振动数据识别结构损伤的新方法，该方法首先扩展不完整的振型并利用单元能量熵差比确定结构损伤的大致位置，然后采用二级搜索策略，借助遗传算法确定结构损伤的程度，数值计算结果表明，当可能的损伤区域较大时，本方法较直接搜索策略更能有效地确定结构损伤的程度。     

Insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1 is a member of a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys-His domain.

The activity of the rat insulin I gene enhancer is mainly dependent on two cis-acting protein-binding domains. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA encoding a protein, Isl-1, that binds to one of these domains. Isl-1 contains a homeodomain with greatest similarity to those of the Caenorhabditis elegans proteins encoded by mec-3 and lin-11. In addition, Isl-1, like the lin-11 and mec-3 gene products, contains a novel Cys-His domain which is reminiscent of known metal-binding regions. Together these proteins define a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys His-domain. Isl-1 is preferentially expressed in cells of pancreatic endocrine origin. If the structural homologies between Isl-1 and the C. elegans gene products reflect functional similarities, a role for Isl-1 in the development of pancreatic endocrine cells could be envisaged.     

Mate choice and male competition inOrchesella cincta (Collembola)

Summary Both male and femaleOrchesella cincta (Collembola) were able to discriminate between spermatophores of different origin. Females chose spermatophores deposited by closely related males while males preferentially destroyed spermatophores of other males.     

火灾报警系统的研究

介绍了火灾报警系统的硬件设置与软件设计原理，讨论了该系统安装调试过程中的有关技术问题，阐述了对该系统进行的模拟联动试验，证明该系统的技术是先进的，工作是可靠的，每个工作环节都准确无误。     

PAX6 haploinsufficiency causes cerebral malformation and olfactory dysfunction in humans.

PAX6 is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Heterozygous PAX6 mutations in human aniridia cause defects that would seem to be confined to the eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and smell testing reveal the absence or hypoplasia of the anterior commissure and reduced olfaction in a large proportion of aniridia cases, which shows that PAX6 haploinsuffiency causes more widespread human neuro developmental anomalies.     

21世纪计算机安全

计算机安全问题已经成为21世纪最为关注的问题之一。2003年12月在中国台北举办了一系列关于计算机安全的学术研讨会，来自美国及亚太地区的一些专家学者就当前计算机安全方面的关键技术及研究方向进行了深人的讨论和交流。本书汇集了会议中最优秀的学术论文，堪称当前计算机安全领域里最前沿的知识荟萃。     

Insulin acts on the hypothalamic glucose-facilitated neurons to induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the rat

Microinjection of insulin (0.04-0.12 IU/microliter) into the anterior hypothalamus or the lateral hypothalamus, but not the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat brain, caused a dose-dependent rise in blood glucose and in serum insulin. The majority (71.5%) of the glucose-facilitated neurons recorded in the lateral hypothalamic area were excited by intracerebral injection of insulin. The data indicate that insulin acts on the hypothalamic glucose-facilitated neurons to induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. It is unknown whether insulin normally reaches the hypothalamic area, or how it might do so.     

Selective attraction of monocytes and T lymphocytes of the memory phenotype by cytokine RANTES.

An important process in the immune response is the migration of different populations of lymphocytes at the proper time to sites of antigenic challenge. Although several chemoattractants are known for broad classes of lymphocytes, such as T and B cells, the process by which lymphocytes of specific subsets, such as helper, cytotoxic or memory T cells, migrate to the appropriate sites remains obscure. Interleukin-8 is a chemoattractant for T cells and neutrophils and is a member of a superfamily of soluble molecules related by a conserved motif containing four cysteine residues. IL-8 and related molecules, including platelet factor 4, constitute the C-X-C class of the superfamily and a group of cytokines produced by haematopoietic cells constitute the RANTES/sis or C-C class. The roles of most of these molecules are not well known, although murine MIP-1 alpha of the C-C branch is a specific inhibitor of haematopoietic stem cell proliferation and some members of the C-X-C branch are neutrophil-targeted inflammatory agents. Here we report that the RANTES protein of the C-C class causes the selective migration of human blood monocytes and of T lymphocytes expressing the cell surface antigens CD4 and UCHL1. CD4+/UCHL1+T cells are thought to be prestimulated or primed helper T cells involved in memory T cell function. The preferential attraction of T-cell subsets by specific cytokines could in part explain how lymphocytes are targeted, and may provide insight into the workings of T cell memory.