Error rates in quadratic discrimination with constraints on the covariance matrices

In multivariate discrimination of several normal populations, the optimal classification procedure is based on quadratic discriminant functions. We compare expected error rates of the quadratic classification procedure if the covariance matrices are estimated under the following four models: (i) arbitrary covariance matrices, (ii) common principal components, (iii) proportional covariance matrices, and (iv) identical covariance matrices. Using Monte Carlo simulation to estimate expected error rates, we study the performance of the four discrimination procedures for five different parameter setups corresponding to standard situations that have been used in the literature. The procedures are examined for sample sizes ranging from 10 to 60, and for two to four groups. Our results quantify the extent to which a parsimonious method reduces error rates, and demonstrate that choosing a simple method of discrimination is often beneficial even if the underlying model assumptions are wrong.The authors wish to thank the editor and three referees for their helpful comments on the first draft of this article. M. J. Schmid supported by grants no. 2.724-0.85 and 2.038-0.86 of the Swiss National Science Foundation.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Naja siamensis</Emphasis>, a cryptic species of venomous snake revealed by mtDNA sequencing

Because of possible variation in venom composition, an understanding of venomous snake systematics is of great importance for the optimization of antivenom treatment of snakebite patients. Intraspecific variation in the morphology of many venomous snakes complicates the definition and indentification of some species when allopatric populations are involved. Selectively neutral or near-neutral mtDNA sequences can reveal evolutionary relationships obscured by ecogenetically-caused morphological variation. We use comparative sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene to reveal the existence of a widespread, cryptic species of spiting cobra from southeast Asia. This species,Naja siamensis, is widely sympatric with other Asiatic cobra species. This may be of considerable medical significance, and calls for further research into venom composition in Asiatic cobras.     

Variability of sterol utilization in stored-products insects

A comparison of sterol utilization by 3 stored-products insects revealed very different capabilities. The fluor beetle,Tribolium castaneum dealkylates and converts dietary sitosterol to about equal amounts of cholesterol (43.7%) and 7-dehydrocholeterol (39.8%), whereas another flour beetle,Tenebrio molitor, produces considerably less 7-dehydrocholesterol (16.8%) and relatively more cholesterol (66.7%) from sitosterol. The lepidopteran,Plodia interpunctella, utilized dietary sterol very similar to plant-feeding lepidoptera, producing primarily cholesterol (86.5%) from sitosterol.     

动基座上DTG全运动过程的控制解耦研究

提出了动调陀螺仪（以下简称DTG）全运动过程的控制解耦问题,运用控制理论分析了DTG的耦合及其解耦方法,阐明了用同一控制回路实现动基座上DTG全运动过程的锁定原理与方法,引用启停控制单元电路,具体实现了动基座上DTG全运动过程的解耦控制。     

An all solid-state electrochromic smart window

An all solid-state electrochromic smart window employing prussian blue and electrodeposited WO₃ film with poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) gel electrolyte that has high conductivity (2 mS/cm) at room temperature has been fabricated for the first time. The smart window has beell found to be excellent for electrochromism and memory characteristics.     

唐山城市防灾的地质灾害分区评价

根据唐山市区曾发生过的地质灾害及其相关的活动构造、第四纪沉积物厚度和地貌条件,从城市建设和安全的角度进行唐山市地质灾害分区评价。     

钢筋混凝土薄钢板组合剪力墙的弹性屈曲临界荷载

研究钢筋混凝土薄钢板剪力墙在侧向力作用下的弹性掘曲临界载荷计算问题,提出了相应的计算模型,导出了计算公式,并与相应实验结果比较,符合良好。     

THE TYPE OF A CLASS OF VILENKIN CONVOLUTION OPERATORS

在满足第二个数公理的零紧Ａｂｅｌ群Ｇ的空间Ｌ（Ｇ）中研究了一类Ｖｉｌｅｎｋｉｎ卷积算子的性质．该类算子包括Ｖｉｌｅｎｋｉｎ－Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数的部份和、Ｆｅｊｅｒ平均等作为特例．文中证明了这类算子是弱（１,１）型和强（ｑ,ｑ）型的,１＜ｑ＜∞．     

几种金属材料拉伸断裂断口磁性的电子显微研究

利用电子显微技术对几种金属材料拉伸断裂断口进行了分析,对它们的力学性能、拉伸磁性、断面微观结构进行了比较研究,得出了它们之间存在的一些特性,并从理论上作了一些初步的探讨。给出了铁磁体ΔＥ效应的应用。     

变电站电压无功优化控制器

根据电网的终端变电的二次母线（１０ｋＶ或３５ｋＶ）的接线特点,以母线电压和网损作的目标函数,以有载调压变压器和并联电容器作为调节手段,推导出变电站电压无功控制器的控制规律,并着重分析了抽头变化、并联电容器的投切效果与系统网络参数的关系。此外本文还论述了ＶＱＣ变电站电压无功能控制器的硬件、软件设计思想、主要特点及采用的新技术;介绍了现场运行的情况;提出了ＶＱＣ－Ⅱ型变电站电压无功控制器对ＶＱＣ－Ⅰ型