A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) indicates adaptive evolution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">i</Emphasis>-type lysozymes

A new lysozyme (cv-lysozyme 2) with a MALDI molecular mass of 12 984.6 Da was purified from crystalline styles and digestive glands of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and its cDNA sequenced. Quantitative real time RT-PCR detected cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression primarily in digestive gland tissues, and in situ hybridization located cv-lysozyme 2 gene expression in basophil cells of digestive tubules. Cv-lysozyme 2 showed high amino acid sequence similarity to other bivalve mollusk lysozymes, including cv-lysozyme 1, a lysozyme recently purified from C. virginica plasma. Differences between cv-lysozyme 2 and cv-lysozyme 1 molecular characteristics, enzymatic properties, antibacterial activities, distribution in the oyster body and site of gene expression indicate that the main role of cv-lysozyme 2 is in digestion. While showing that a bivalve mollusk employs different lysozymes for different functions, findings in this study suggest adaptive evolution of i type lysozymes for nutrition. Received 30 August 2006; received after revision 14 October 2006; accepted 6 November 2006     

介电弹性体驱动器的稳定性分析

介电弹性体（dielectric elastomers,DE）是制造智能主动驱动器最有潜力的电致活性聚合物（electroactive polymer,EAP）材料．在介电弹性体薄膜2个相对表面均匀涂覆柔性电极,施加电压后,由于静电力作用,介电弹性体薄膜沿电压施加的方向收缩,而在垂直于电压施加的方向扩展延伸．介电弹性体薄膜厚度变小导致施加在薄膜上的电场更高,当施加的电场超过其临界电场时,介电弹性体薄膜被击穿,驱动器失稳．本文基于非线性场机电耦合理论的介电弹性体稳定性分析方法,应用含有2个材料常数的弹性应变能函数模型对介电弹性体进行稳定性分析．得到材料常数比七值越大,对应的介电弹性体材料或驱动器的稳定性越高,它可以指导介电弹性体驱动器的设计．最后,把这种方法推广到应用多个材料常数的弹性应变能函数分析介电弹性体稳定性．     

A gamma-ray burst with a high-energy spectral component inconsistent with the synchrotron shock model

Gamma-ray bursts are among the most powerful events in nature. These events release most of their energy as photons with energies in the range from 30 keV to a few MeV, with a smaller fraction of the energy radiated in radio, optical, and soft X-ray afterglows. The data are in general agreement with a relativistic shock model, where the prompt and afterglow emissions correspond to synchrotron radiation from shock-accelerated electrons. Here we report an observation of a high-energy (multi-MeV) spectral component in the burst of 17 October 1994 that is distinct from the previously observed lower-energy gamma-ray component. The flux of the high-energy component decays more slowly and its fluence is greater than the lower-energy component; it is described by a power law of differential photon number index approximately -1 up to about 200 MeV. This observation is difficult to explain with the standard synchrotron shock model, suggesting the presence of new phenomena such as a different non-thermal electron process, or the interaction of relativistic protons with photons at the source.     

Two-dimensional geometry of spin excitations in the high-transition-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x

The fundamental building block of the copper oxide superconductors is a Cu4O4 square plaquette. The plaquettes in most of these materials are slightly distorted to form a rectangular lattice, for which an influential theory predicts that high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity is nucleated in 'stripes' aligned along one of the axes. This theory received strong support from experiments that indicated a one-dimensional character for the magnetic excitations in the high-T(c) material YBa2Cu3O6.6 (ref. 4). Here we report neutron scattering data on 'untwinned' YBa2Cu3O6+x crystals, in which the orientation of the rectangular lattice is maintained throughout the entire volume. Contrary to the earlier claim, we demonstrate that the geometry of the magnetic fluctuations is two-dimensional. Rigid stripe arrays therefore appear to be ruled out over a wide range of doping levels in YBa2Cu3O6+x, but the data may be consistent with liquid-crystalline stripe order. The debate about stripes has therefore been reopened.     

华南贵东杂岩体单颗粒锆石激光探针ICPMS U-Pb定年及其成岩意义

系统的单颗粒锆石激光探针ICPMS U-Pb同位素定年表明, 贵东杂岩体是印支期~燕山期多次岩浆侵入形成的复式杂岩体, 其中鲁溪岩体(239 ± 5 Ma)、下庄岩体(235.8 ± 7.6 Ma)是印支期花岗岩; 隘子岩体(160.1 ± 6.1 Ma)、司前岩体(151 ± 11 Ma)是燕山期花岗岩. 下庄岩体中1275~2137 Ma残留锆石的发现, 表明贵东花岗岩杂岩体的物质来源与华南元古宙陆壳基底有关. 详细的单颗粒锆石激光探针ICPMS U-Pb同位素定年为研究该杂岩体的形成演化与构造作用、成矿作用的关系提供了重要的依据.     

基于知识神经网络的运载火箭弹道选择

在火箭发射中,往往有多组来自不同设备的测量弹道,进行可靠的火箭弹道选择是飞行状态监视和安控判断的前提.考虑到火箭飞行过程和测量环境的复杂性,提出了一种基于知识神经网络的运载火箭弹道选择方法.把火箭飞行弹道的先验知识和弹道样本的学习训练相结合,先利用数据的连续性排除跳变弹道,然后计算弹道间的差异,最后采用一个神经网络判断各条弹道的可靠性,并结合测量设备精度进行选优.实验和仿真表明了这种方法的可靠性和有效性.     

Unscheduled CDK1 activity in G1 phase of the cell cycle triggers apoptosis in X-irradiated lymphocytic leukemia cells

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is a major component of the cell cycle progression engine. Recently, several investigations provided evidence demonstrating that unscheduled CDK1 activation may also be involved in apoptosis in cancerous cells. In this article, we demonstrate that X-ray irradiation induced G1 arrest in MOLT-4 lymphocytic leukemia cells, the arrest being accompanied by reduction in the activity of CDK2, but increased CDK1 activity and cell apoptosis in the G1 phase. Interestingly, this increase in CDK1 and apoptosis by ionizing radiation was prevented by pretreatment with the CDK1 inhibitor, roscovitine, suggesting that CDK1 kinase activity is required for radiation-induced apoptotic cell death in this model system. Furthermore, cyclin B1 and CDK1 were detected co-localizing and associating in G1 phase MOLT-4 cells, with the cellular lysates from these cells revealing a genotoxic stress-induced increase in CDK1 phosphorylation (Thr-161) and dephosphorylation (Tyr-15), as analyzed by postsorting immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Finally, X-irradiation was found to increase Bcl-2 phosphorylation in G1 phase cells. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that CDK1 is activated by unscheduled accumulation of cyclin B1 in G1 phase cells exposed to X-ray, and that CDK1 activation, at the wrong time and in the wrong phase, may directly or indirectly trigger a Bcl-2-dependent signaling pathway leading to apoptotic cell death in MOLT-4 cells. Received 30 March 2006; received after revision 23 June 2006; accepted 24 August 2006 J. Wu and Y. Feng contributed equally to this work.     

Selective antiproliferative effects of thymidine

A substance with antiproliferative bioactivity in an aqueous extract ofCordyline terminalis was purified and identified by mass spectrometry to be the natural nucleoside, thymidine. 10^–5M Thymidine inhibited EL4 cell replication and decreased cell viability after 12–24 h. The effect was highly specific for this nucleoside. Treated cell cultures showed a significant increase in S phase cells and a corresponding decrease in G₁ phase cells. Nitrobenzylthioinosine (which prevented facilitated entry of thymidine) protected cells from the antiproliferative action of thymidine. A human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) was also growth-inhibited by 10^–5M thymidine but a murine lymphoma cell line (K36) was not. Thus, submillimolar thymidine has effects on cell proliferation which are selective both with respect to specificity for the compound and for different tumour cell lines.     

多点源空气污染高斯扩散模式并行方法研究

为提高基于高斯模式的空气污染扩散计算的效率,研究从污染源、研究区域空间分层与栅格划分等3个因子入手,设计单因子、双因子和三因子作用下的多种并行算法,同时采用PC机群对算法进行实现. 针对珠三角区域空气污染并行计算试验结果表明,并行算法能将计算时间减少90%,大大提高了模型计算效率,很大程度上满足了基于高斯模式的空气污染实时计算要求.      

不同包衣剂对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

用不同的棉花型包衣剂和玉米型包衣剂处理棉花种子,选择2种温度条件进对其进行培养,测定发芽率、幼苗长度和幼苗重量,研究不同包衣剂对棉花种子萌发及幼苗的影响.试验结果表明,经过包衣剂处理的棉花种子在发芽率和幼苗的生长状况上均优于未处理的种子,对棉花型包衣剂成分进行调整,能有效影响棉花早期的生长.