Rat mammary cancer inhibition by a prolactin suppressor, 2-bromo-α-ergokryptine (CB 154)

Zusammenfassung 2-Br--Ergokryptin (=CB 154) wurde täglich während 80–100 Tagen, beginnend mit der Carcinogenapplikation, DMBA - (5 mg i.v.)-behandelten weiblichen Ratten in der Dosis 6 mg/kg i.p. verabreicht. CB 154 bewirkte ein verzögertes Erscheinen und ein langsameres Wachsen der Mamma-Tumoren sowie eine verminderte Todesrate der carcinogenbehandelten Ratten.     

The history of cyclosporin A (Sandimmune®) revisited: Another point of view

The immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (Sandimmune^®) has become the first line treatment for preventing rejection of transplanted organs and for certain, autoimmune diseases. The discovery of that drug and its preclinical development are described, and it is shown that most earlier accounts of the history of this compound are, in important respects, incorrect and misleading.     

Double stranded ribonuclease activity in human lymphocyte nuclei

Summary Ribonuclease activity directed against the synthetic duplex polyrC: polyrI was detected in nuclear extracts from both unstimulated and PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes. In the latter cells, the activity was about twice that of small lymphocytes.     

Somatostatin inhibits the mitogenic effect of thyroliberin

Summary The effect of somatostatin and of thyroliberin on the mitotic incidence in the organ-cultured anterior pituitary lobe of the rat was investigated, using the colchicine metaphase-arrest technique. It was found that somatostatin added to the culture medium, together with thyroliberin, blocked the mitogenic effect of the latter.This work was supported by Polish Academy of Sciences, program No 10. 4.     

Population genetic structure and mating system evolution in freshwater pulmonates

Freshwater gastropods (Basommatophora and Prosobranchia) harbor a variety of mating systems. In particular, apomictic parthenogenesis in prosobranchs and self-fertilization in the hermaphrodite pulmonates may be viable alternatives to outcrossing sexuality in a number of species. The coexistence of different mating systems in extant populations provides opportunities to examine the forces directing their evolution. We review the models analyzing and predicting genetic variability in subdivided populations, with an emphasis on the effects of inbreeding. Population genetic data on freshwater pulmonates are examined in the context of selfing rates and the loss of variability under selfing. Furthermore, the genetic and demographic factors thought to influence mating system evolution are considered, and we highlight the different approaches available to estimate mating system parameters, in particular the selfing rate. Recent population biological studies on polyploid species (Bulinus truncatus, Ancylus fluviatilis) indicate that selfing is the predominant mating system. These studies have contributed to a deeper understanding of conceptual issues in the evolution of selfing rates. Throughout, we emphasize the need for further carefully designed studies.     

Synthese und Eigenschaften von Bromocriptin

Summary The bromination of -ergokryptine, a genuine ergot alkaloid of the peptide type, in position 2 of the indol nucleus to 2-bromo--ergokryptine is described. Its transformation to the methanesulfonate led to the prolactin inhibitor bromocriptine-methanesulfonate, Parlodel^®.

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85. Mitteilung über Mutterkornalkaloide.

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Completion of the natural groups of ergot alkaloids: Syntheses and pharmacological profiles ofβ-ergosine andβ-ergoptine

Summary The syntheses and pharmacological potencies of -ergosine and -ergoptine, the missing links in the natural groups of ergot peptide alkaloids are described.86th communication on ergot alkaloids.     

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Breakdown of intermediate-range order in liquid GeSe(2) at high pressure.

Studies of liquids with tetrahedral coordination, particularly during compression or quenching, have indicated the existence of distinct phases in the liquid state, distinguishable by density and local structure. In systems that exhibit critical phenomena in the supercooled state, anomalous behaviour of the compressibility is also anticipated above the critical point, as revealed by simulations of water. Liquid GeSe(2) is a potentially attractive system for studying both types of phenomena, given its two-dimensional tetrahedral structure and anomalous physical properties (including a density minimum near its melting point). Here we report in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of solid and liquid GeSe(2) at high temperature and high pressure, revealing that the structure of the liquid is sensitive to pressure and that anomalous compressibility is expected. During compression of liquid GeSe(2), the connectivity of the liquid changes from two- to three-dimensional, leading to a breakdown of the intermediate-range order. The gradual change in structure above the melting line may develop to a first-order liquid-liquid transition in the supercooled regime.