金属离子对纤维素液化效率影响的研究

在高压和酸性条件下研究了金属离子存在对纤维素液化效率的影响,并用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪分别对固体残渣及反应液进行了分析,结果表明,以FeCl3为催化剂,在水解温度为180℃,盐酸的质量分数为3.0%、水解时间为9h、催化剂用量为0.01g/mL、固液比为3：50的条件下液化效率的质量分数可达89%,糖化率质量分数为4.5%,与未使用FeCl3时的液化效率质量分数38.2%相比,效率提高50.8%。     

地球物理方法在贮灰坝浸润面及渗漏隐患检测中的应用

热电厂贮煤灰坝浸润面和坝体渗漏探测目前仍是一个难题,通过对大唐辽源热电厂贮灰坝探测实例,介绍了采用高密度电阻率法、探地雷达和自然电场法等进行灰坝浸润面和渗漏隐患探测的可行性,由于采用了新的方法以及数据处理技术,取得了理想的探测效果,为今后开展灰坝浸润面及渗漏隐患探测与研究提供了借鉴.     

火箭导弹发射系统可靠性信息熵法评定

该文利用信息量的“可加性”特性和信息熵的一般表达式 ,结合系统可靠性综合评定的工程理论 ,基于信息熵理论 ,研究了能充分利用各单元试验数据信息的简单实用的系统可靠性近似限综合评定的理论和方法 ,从而有效地解决系统可靠性熵法评定的理论与应用问题。以某火箭导弹发射系统为例 ,给出了评定方法、程序及结论 ,为复杂武器系统的评定提供了重要参考。     

Evolution of the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault and its implications for exhumation of Dabie HP-UHP rocks

The Xiaotian-Mozitan fault (XMF) located north of Dabie orogenic belt separates the North Dabie complex to the south from the Beihuaiyang low-grade metamorphic rocks to the north. It comprises several NW-striking ductile shear zones and brittle faults. The brittle faults obviously overprinted on the ductile shear zones and promoted the development of the volcanic basins in early Cretaceous to the north, which suggests that the brittle faults were normal faults formed in early Cretaceous during doming of Dabie orogenic belt. The ductile shear zone superposed on the north Dabie grey gneiss, and it is an important channel where the Dabie HP-UHP rocks exhumed. For obtaining new structural constraint on exhumation of the HP-UHP rocks, we present here experimental results on the microstructure, quartz C-axis fabrics and the microprobe analyses of phengite. The ductile shear zone was determined to be formed at temperature of 600-650℃ and pressure of 1.1 GPa by the mineral deformation, microprobe analyses and geobarometry of Si-in-phengite of the mylonite, the results suggest that the mylonite now exposed on the surface experienced an upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the lower crust. The mineral stretching lineation varies from horizontal in the east segment to sub-dip in the west. Shear sense indicators from outcrop and thin sections of orientated specimen and quartz C-axis fabrics suggest that the XMF is a sinistral normal fault. The kinematics analysis of the ductile shear zone indicates that the exhumation of Dabie HP-UHP rocks is the results of a SE-directed extrusion and an anticlockwise rotation around its eastern pivot simultaneously.     

水鳖叶片矿质营养、保护酶活性及同工酶对Cu2+胁迫的响应

通过溶液培养试验研究了不同Cu2 浓度(0、2、4、6、8mg/L)胁迫下,通过溶液培养试验对浮水植物水鳖叶片矿质营养吸收、活性氧产生、保护酶活性及同工酶的影响.结果表明,(1)随着Cu2 浓度的增加,Cu2 对水鳖的矿质营养吸收产生了影响,主要是促进对Ca2 、Fe3 、Mg2 、Zn2 的吸收,降低对Mn2 、P、K 的吸收.(2)SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳图的条带随Cu2 浓度增加而逐渐减少,亮度也随之减弱,导致了多肽明显丢失.(3)谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量的变化趋势呈单峰曲线,在Cu2 浓度为6mg/L时,均达到最大值,分别为对照的2 51倍和3 74倍.超氧阴离子(O2-·)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化呈先缓慢后讯速上升趋势,当Cu2 浓度最高时均达顶峰,分别为对照的342 3%和334 2%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性呈下降趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)的活性呈上升趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性仅略有上升.(4)同工酶酶谱分析显示,随着Cu2 浓度的增加,SOD谱带数和表达量均减少.POD谱带数由少逐渐增多,由4带增加到7带,表达量也呈现上升趋势.CAT酶谱带数无明显变化,表达量略存在差异.Cu2 对水鳖的致死浓度范围在2～4mg/L.     

第四系天然气藏储层物性参数测井解释模型

以柴达木盆地东部台南第四系松散未成岩生物气藏为例 ,研究建立该类储层物性参数测井解释模型的方法。主要包括 :(1)应用“JD 5 81”常规测井资料 ,通过定量计算对声波测井进行了压实、泥质及含气影响的校正 ,建立了孔隙度测井解释模型 ,探索性地提出声波测井曲线天然气影响的定量校正方法 ;(2 )根据毛管理论 ,综合应用毛管压力曲线、岩石物性、岩性分析及测井资料建立了渗透率测井解释模型。研究结果表明 ,利用电阻率曲线对声波测井进行天然气影响的定量校正方法是可行的 ,该方法提高了气藏孔隙度声波测井解释模型的精度 ,实现了应用“JD 5 81”常规测井资料即可进行储层孔隙度参数评价的研究。储层微观孔隙结构参数孔喉半径均值的主要影响因素是岩石比表面及孔隙度 ,综合利用孔隙度与岩性测井曲线可以较为准确地计算该参数 ,这为储层渗透率参数的评价奠定了基础。     

基于特征抽取定性映射的事物关系的表示模型

对象及其关系的表示是推理、求解的基础 ,而对象的感觉特征的抽取可归结为一个定性映射 .本文以此为基础并将群体中的研究对象统称为“事物”,给出了群体中事物属性的数学表达及基于属性的事物关系的数学表达模型 ;由此引出了一般事物的属性及属性值的判定规则和“归约”“细化”的推理方法 ,将其用在 KDD中的概念提升中显得自然而方便 ,并得到基于属性的事物分类的数学方法     

开流系统的时空周期脉冲控制

提出了分别利用时间和空间的周期脉冲扰动,实现开流系统时空混沌控制的方法。通过数据模拟,其中空周期脉方法能使系统稳定到预期空间周期态上;时间周脉冲方法则能实现系统时间周期空间不动点和空间准周期的控制。     

多臂抓取工件的受力分析

基于机械臂与工件的硬点和软指两种接触方式,对工件的受力进行分析,建立臂与工件保持接触应满足的约束条件;通过臂动力学方程和关节广义驱动力约束,给出多臂协调抓持力不等式约束,并对抓持力的分配进行初步讨论。     

One-step disposal of Cr (Ⅵ)-bearing wastewater by natural pyrrhotite

Cr(VI)-bearing wastewater can be treated by natural pyrrhotite which is used for reductant to reduce Cr(VI) and precipitant to precipitate Cr(III) simultaneously. The disposal products can be divided into three parts in the beakers, namely supernatant in the upper part, the yellowish colloidal precipitates in the middle part and the pyrrhotite in the lower part. The content of total Cr=Cr(VI)+Cr(III) in the supernatant liquid is 0.06 mg/L, which is lower than 1.5 mg/L of the discharge standard of China and near to 0.05 mg/L of the standard of potable water. This one-step disposal composing of both reduction and precipitation which is traditionally divided into two independent steps called reducing technology and precipitating technology respectively. The new method is of obvious economic advantage and favourable to decreasing surplus mud derived from adding Ca(OH)₂ to precipitate Cr(III) traditionally so as to avoid recontamination. In fact, sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) used in disposal of Cr(VI) was traditionally produced from natural mineral of pyrrhotite (FeS). One molecule of FeS is 4 times more than that of Na₂SO₃ from a view point of rational use of mineral resources. Therefore the prospective of application of the one-step disposal of Cr(VI) method is full of promise.