“名词”意义是否宽泛了点？

<中国科技术语>编辑部: 收到你们的<中国科技术语>第一期,非常感谢.读了这期文章,深感不仅是刊物名称的改动,也看到内容的拓宽与提高.     

Pr3+/Tm3+共掺LaF3纳米体系中能量转移效应的光谱学研究

在较低的温度下用水热法制备了分散性良好的Pr³⁺/Tm³⁺共掺的LaF₃纳米颗粒. X射线衍射、原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜等技术对纳米颗粒进行表征的结果显示, 纳米颗粒呈六方相, 平均粒径为30 nm. 通过激光激发LaF3:Pr³⁺/Tm³⁺共掺纳米体系中的Tm3+离子, 实现了Tm³⁺离子到Pr³⁺离子的能量转移, 观测到了因此而产生的荧光辐射. 运用光谱学方法对共掺纳米体系的荧光辐射性质进行了研究分析, 并对相应的能量转移机理进行了探讨.     

直波导耦合输出AlGaInAs多量子阱环形激光器研究

采用InP基InAlGaAs多量子阱激光器外延材料结构, 利用感应耦合等离子体(ICP)干法刻蚀技术和聚酰亚胺介质平坦化工艺, 研制了多量子阱半导体环形激光器样品. 该器件通过加正偏压的环形结构谐振腔实现光激射, 然后借助紧邻的直线波导耦合将光信号输出. 环形谐振腔直径为700 μm, 波导宽度为3 μm. 用光纤对准直线波导端口耦合测试了环形激光器的光功率-电流特性曲线和激射光谱, 其阈值电流为120 mA, 在注入电流160 mA时从直波导耦合输出得到激射光谱的中心波长为1602 nm, 并结合光功率-电流特性曲线对环形激光器中的工作模式进行了初步分析.     

Two antigen-independent adhesion pathways used by human cytotoxic T-cell clones

Cell-cell adhesion is essential for many immunological functions, including interaction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with their targets. We have explored CTL-target interactions using well-characterized cloned human CTLs. Conjugate formation between these CTLs and many antigen-negative targets is almost as efficient as with specific target cells, but does not lead to target-cell lysis. Thus, on specific target cells, adhesion by antigen-independent pathways may occur concurrently with or precede antigen recognition. The molecules LFA-1, CD2 (T11, LFA-2) and LFA-3 have been shown to be involved in human CTL conjugation with and lysis of specific target cells. Here we describe monoclonal antibody inhibition studies using individual monoclonal antibodies and mixes which demonstrate (1) that LFA-1, CD2 and LFA-3 are involved in antigen-independent conjugate formation; and (2) suggest that CD2 and LFA-3 are involved in one pathway and LFA-1 in another. We confirmed the existence of distinct pathways by the demonstration that LFA-1-dependent adhesion requires divalent cations and is temperature-sensitive whereas CD2- and LFA-3-dependent adhesion does not require divalent cations and is temperature-insensitive. Together with previous data, our studies suggest that CD2 on the effector interacts with LFA-3 as its ligand on targets.     

Platelet activation--a role for a 40K anti-phospholipase A2 protein indistinguishable from lipocortin

Stimulus-response (S-R) coupling in platelets requires an intermediary other than an elevation in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i). While an increase in [Ca2+]i is essential in S-R coupling, effecting phosphorylation of myosin of relative molecular mass (Mr) 20,000 (20 K), platelet activation is also associated with phosphorylation of a 40K protein, which can occur in the absence of changes in [Ca2+]i. The 40K protein is the substrate for protein kinase C (PKC). Mounting evidence suggests that activation of PKC by diacylglycerol is the other signal involved in S-R coupling. Although phosphorylation of the 40K protein is associated with certain platelet functional responses, no precise role has been accredited to it. Recently, we and others have described several proteins (collectively known as lipocortin) which inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2). One of the most conspicuous proteins of this group is a 40K peptide whose inhibitory activity can be suppressed by prior phosphorylation. We hypothesized that the 40K protein described in platelets may possess anti-PLA2 activity and that phosphorylation by PKC, suppressing its inhibitory activity, may represent the mechanism underlying mobilization of arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins. The results of the present study strongly support this hypothesis.     

Inhibition of furin-mediated cleavage activation of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp160.

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) initiates infection by mediating fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. Fusion activity requires proteolytic cleavage of the gp160 protein into gp120 and gp41 at a site containing several arginine and lysine residues. Activation at basic cleavage sites is observed with many membrane proteins of cellular and viral origin. We have recently found that the enzyme activating the haemagglutinin of fowl plague virus (FPV), an avian influenza virus, is furin. Furin, a subtilisin-like eukaryotic endoprotease, has a substrate specificity for the consensus amino-acid sequence Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg at the cleavage site. We show here that the glycoprotein of HIV-1, which has the same protease recognition motif as the FPV haemagglutinin, is also activated by furin.     

网络教育资源Web挖掘研究

针对网络教育资源建设中存在的问题，着重对网络教育资源的获取、分类和标准化描述模型进行了研究．在分析Web挖掘技术和任务分类的基础上，提出了网络教育资源的Web文本挖掘、模型及其相关算法，将数据挖掘技术应用到网络教育领域，有助于在网络上获取高品质的网络教育资源，一定程度上解决了网络教育资源获取缺乏智能的问题．     

呼肠孤病毒科斐济病毒属一新种:南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒

近年在广东省和海南省部分地区新发生一种水稻病毒病, 其症状表现为植株矮缩、叶色深绿、叶背及茎秆出现条状乳白色或深褐色小突起、高位分蘖及茎节部倒生气生须根. 病株韧皮部细胞内可观察到具斐济病毒特征性晶格状排列直径为70~75 nm的球状病毒粒体以及病毒基质和管状结构. 从发病田块及其附近的玉米(Zea mays)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、水莎草(Juncellus serotinus)和白草(Pennisetum flaccidum)植株体内检测到病原病毒的存在. 田间调查及室内传毒实验表明, 白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)是该病毒的主要传毒介体. 该病毒的基因组由10条dsRNA组成, 其电泳图谱与水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black-streaked dwarf virus)基本相同. 采用接头单引物扩增法获得了该病毒基因组两个片段(S9和S10)全长核苷酸序列, 两者在核苷酸组成、末端序列及基因排列上均具斐济病毒特征, 但与斐济病毒属已知种核苷酸同一率小于75% (S9)和80% (S10), 基于核苷酸及其推导编码产物氨基酸序列构建的系统进化树表明, 该病毒在斐济病毒属中处于相对独立的进化位置. 结果表明, 该病毒应为呼肠孤病毒科(Reoviridae)斐济病毒属(Fijivirus)第2组的一个新种, 建议将其命名为南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus).     

Human immunodeficiency viruses: SIV infection in wild gorillas

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) from west central Africa are recognized as the reservoir of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpzPtt) that have crossed at least twice to humans: this resulted in the AIDS pandemic (from human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 group M) in one instance and infection of just a few individuals in Cameroon (by HIV-1 group N) in another. A third HIV-1 lineage (group O) from west central Africa also falls within the SIVcpzPtt radiation, but the primate reservoir of this virus has not been identified. Here we report the discovery of HIV-1 group O-like viruses in wild gorillas.