Development and application of phase diagrams for Li-ion batteries using CALPHAD approach

Phase diagrams provide fundamental knowledge about design map of new electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. The CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach is widely applied to the development of phase diagrams and property diagrams in a thermodynamic language. Within the CALPHAD framework, the theoretical modeling can be performed to predict phase equilibria, thermodynamics, electrochemical and physical properties of electrodes. This review provides the successful application of high quality calculated phase diagrams and thermodynamic property diagrams in CALPHAD investigation to both cathodes and anodes of Li-ion batteries, including Li–Co–O, Li–Ni–O, Li–Co–Ni–O, Li–Mn–O, Li–Cu–O, Li–Si, Li–Sb and Li–Sn systems with. The intensive CALPHAD-type research may also predict electrochemical properties, cell performance of the Li-ion batteries to achieve more efficient development of electrode materials.     

基于社会网络的民航飞行不安全行为影响因素关系研究

 为提升民航飞行安全管理水平，基于不安全行为影响因素的重要性，通过文献分析和相关者调查的方式确定不安全行为影响因素集合。根据调研数据，运用社会网络分析（SNA）方法构建了不安全行为影响因素间的关系概念模型，研究其节点属性、核心-边缘分析、结构特征、影响力及聚类等级情况。结果表明，关键不安全行为影响因素节点可构成行为连锁反应链，进而连接成具有较高风险性的行为网络。其中，关键不安全行为影响因素包括职业倦怠、安全监察、业务技能熟练程度；存在行为连锁反应链，包括“知识水平较低-规程标准不够严格-民航飞行不安全”等；不安全行为影响因素网络的桥节点包括职业倦怠、压力等。     

鸣管神经支对虎皮鹦鹉鸣叫声的支配

以虎皮鹦鹉(Melopsittacus undelafus)为材料,共有6对在舌下神经气管鸣管支(NXIIts)分别进行单侧和双侧切断处理,用声谱分析软件Wavesurfer和Sound Analysis Pro分析失去神经支配前后鸣声的声学变化.结果表明:断单侧NXIIts并不引起虎皮鹦鹉鸣声的改变,断双侧则引起虎皮鹦鹉鸣声的显著性改变,证明NXIIts在亚鸣禽鸣声的声学特性方面有重要的调控作用,且NXIIts对鸣肌的调控是双侧性的.即单侧NXIIts能控制左右两侧的鸣肌.     

线性模型的广义最小二乘估计递推算法

基于广义线性模型,讨论了新增样品后其系数的广义最小二乘估计与原有的样品其系数的广义最小二乘估计之间的关系,在此基础上,讨论剔除某个过时的样品后,其系数的广义最小二乘估计与原有样品的系数的广义最小二乘估计之间的关系,最后研究新增样品、剔除样品和原有样品它们三个的系数的广义最小二乘估计之间的关系.     

The CatSper channel mediates progesterone-induced Ca2+ influx in human sperm

In the oviduct, cumulus cells that surround the oocyte release progesterone. In human sperm, progesterone stimulates a Ca(2+) increase by a non-genomic mechanism. The Ca(2+) signal has been proposed to control chemotaxis, hyperactivation and acrosomal exocytosis of sperm. However, the underlying signalling mechanism has remained mysterious. Here we show that progesterone activates the sperm-specific, pH-sensitive CatSper Ca(2+) channel. We found that both progesterone and alkaline pH stimulate a rapid Ca(2+) influx with almost no latency, incompatible with a signalling pathway involving metabotropic receptors and second messengers. The Ca(2+) signals evoked by alkaline pH and progesterone are inhibited by the Ca(v) channel blockers NNC 55-0396 and mibefradil. Patch-clamp recordings from sperm reveal an alkaline-activated current carried by mono- and divalent ions that exhibits all the hallmarks of sperm-specific CatSper Ca(2+) channels. Progesterone substantially enhances the CatSper current. The alkaline- and progesterone-activated CatSper current is inhibited by both drugs. Our results resolve a long-standing controversy over the non-genomic progesterone signalling. In human sperm, either the CatSper channel itself or an associated protein serves as the non-genomic progesterone receptor. The identification of CatSper channel blockers will greatly facilitate the study of Ca(2+) signalling in sperm and help to define further the physiological role of progesterone and CatSper.     

Characteristics and realization of the second generation surface acoustic wave''s wavelet device

To overcome the bulk acoustic wave (BAW), the triple transit signals and the discontinuous frequency band in the first generation surface acoustic wave's (FGSAW's) wavelet device, the full transfer multistrip coupler (MSC) is applied to implement wavelet device, and a novel structure of the second generation surface acoustic wave's (SGSAW's) wavelet device is proposed. In the SGSAW's wavelet device, the BAW is separated and eliminated in different acoustic propagating tracks, and the triple transit signal is suppressed. For arbitrary wavelet scale device, the center frequency is three times the radius of frequency band, which ensures that the frequency band of the SGSAW's wavelet device is continuous, and avoids losing signals caused by the discontinuation of frequency band. Experimental result confirms that the BAW suppression, ripples in band, receiving loss and insertion loss of the SGSAW's wavelet device are remarkably improved compared with those of the FGSAW's wavelet device.     

Binding sites for growth hormone releasing factor on rat anterior pituitary cells

Growth hormone releasing factors (GRFs) have been isolated from human pancreatic tumours (hGRF) and rat hypothalamus (rhGRF). The response to GRF at the pituitary level can be modulated by other factors, including glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, somatostatin and other neuropeptides and somatomedins. Glucocorticoids enhance GRF-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion in primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells, and the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone has recently been shown to increase the amounts of GH released in freely moving rats in response to submaximal doses of intravenous GRF. To investigate whether somatotroph sensitivity to GRF is modulated at its receptor level, we have developed a radioreceptor assay using an iodinated analogue of hGRF as radioligand. We report here that the relative binding affinities of rGRF, hGRF and the two analogues are correlated with their in vitro biological potencies. Further, the number of GRF binding sites is drastically decreased in cells deprived of glucocorticoids either in vivo or in vitro.     

地下古城墙遗址的地球物理探测

正地球物理技术应用的前提是考古目标的物性差异。不同时期古城墙建筑类型与建筑材料不同,从而有着不同的物性差异,因此可以采用不同的地球物理方法对这些古城墙遗址进行探测。城墙是我国传统社会城市的主要标志,其作为古老文明的象征,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,它为都城学、城市学、城市规划学、历史学、文化学、军事学、建筑学、风水学、政治制度学等多门学科所研究。而随着近年来聚落考古学的迅速发展,尤其是大遗址调查的需要,对城址的研究已引起学界的足够重视,而城墙更是作为城址的显著标志而存在。因此,针对古城墙遗