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61.
The prolyl isomerase Pin1 reveals a mechanism to control p53 functions after genotoxic insults 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Zacchi P Gostissa M Uchida T Salvagno C Avolio F Volinia S Ronai Z Blandino G Schneider C Del Sal G 《Nature》2002,419(6909):853-857
62.
Schneider M Lu W Neumann S Brachner A Gotzmann J Noegel AA Karakesisoglou I 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2011,68(9):1593-1610
Cell polarization is a fundamental process underpinning organismal development, and tissue homeostasis, which requires an
orchestrated interplay of nuclear, cytoskeletal, and centrosomal structures. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however,
still remain elusive. Here we report that kinesin-1/nesprin-2/SUN-domain macromolecular assemblies, spanning the entire nuclear
envelope (NE), function in cell polarization by anchoring cytoskeletal structures to the nuclear lamina. Nesprin-2 forms complexes
with the kinesin-1 motor protein apparatus by associating with and recruiting kinesin light chain1 (KLC1) to the outer nuclear
membrane. Similar to nesprin-2, KLC1 requires lamin A/C for proper NE localization. The depletion of nesprin-2 or KLC1, or
the uncoupling of nesprin-2/SUN-domain protein associations impairs cell polarization during wounding and dislodges the centrosome
from the NE. In addition nesprin-2 loss has profound effects on KLC1 levels, the cytoskeleton, and Golgi apparatus organization.
Collectively these data show that NE-associated proteins are pivotal determinants of cell architecture and polarization. 相似文献
63.
Jeremy Robin Schneider 《Annals of science》2013,70(3):165-200
What happens when you take the idea of the biblical Adam—the first human – and apply it to insects? You create an origin story for Nature’s tiniest creatures, one that gives them ‘a Pedigree as ancient as the first creation’. This the naturalist Robert Hooke argued in his treatise, the Micrographia (1665). In what follows, I will retrace how Hooke endeavoured to show that insects—then widely believed to have arisen out of the dirt – were the products of an ancient lineage. These genealogies, while constructed from empirical observation, were conjectures of the imagination. Section 2 shows how Hooke introduced the concept of a ‘prime parent’ (an Adam-insect) to explain the anatomical similarities between ‘mites’. Section 3 demonstrates how Hooke defined the family of “gnats” as tiny machines built from the same components and relates Hookean genealogies to contemporary ideas about Noah’s Ark. Section 4 shows how Hooke outlined the morphology of ‘insects’ (delineating what we now call arthropods). Section 5 explores how Hooke used fossils to study these animals in the distant past. In sum, Hooke was turning natural history – collecting and describing insects – into natural history: reconstructing their origins. 相似文献
64.
65.
Summary Precipitating antibodies of amphibia are more dependent on the ionicity of the buffer system than the well known rabbit antibodies. 相似文献
66.
67.
Hajkova P Ancelin K Waldmann T Lacoste N Lange UC Cesari F Lee C Almouzni G Schneider R Surani MA 《Nature》2008,452(7189):877-881
A unique feature of the germ cell lineage is the generation of totipotency. A critical event in this context is DNA demethylation and the erasure of parental imprints in mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) on embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) after they enter into the developing gonads. Little is yet known about the mechanism involved, except that it is apparently an active process. We have examined the associated changes in the chromatin to gain further insights into this reprogramming event. Here we show that the chromatin changes occur in two steps. The first changes in nascent PGCs at E8.5 establish a distinctive chromatin signature that is reminiscent of pluripotency. Next, when PGCs are residing in the gonads, major changes occur in nuclear architecture accompanied by an extensive erasure of several histone modifications and exchange of histone variants. Furthermore, the histone chaperones HIRA and NAP-1 (NAP111), which are implicated in histone exchange, accumulate in PGC nuclei undergoing reprogramming. We therefore suggest that the mechanism of histone replacement is critical for these chromatin rearrangements to occur. The marked chromatin changes are intimately linked with genome-wide DNA demethylation. On the basis of the timing of the observed events, we propose that if DNA demethylation entails a DNA repair-based mechanism, the evident histone replacement would represent a repair-induced response event rather than being a prerequisite. 相似文献
68.
Speciation through sensory drive in cichlid fish 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seehausen O Terai Y Magalhaes IS Carleton KL Mrosso HD Miyagi R van der Sluijs I Schneider MV Maan ME Tachida H Imai H Okada N 《Nature》2008,455(7213):620-626
Theoretically, divergent selection on sensory systems can cause speciation through sensory drive. However, empirical evidence is rare and incomplete. Here we demonstrate sensory drive speciation within island populations of cichlid fish. We identify the ecological and molecular basis of divergent evolution in the cichlid visual system, demonstrate associated divergence in male colouration and female preferences, and show subsequent differentiation at neutral loci, indicating reproductive isolation. Evidence is replicated in several pairs of sympatric populations and species. Variation in the slope of the environmental gradients explains variation in the progress towards speciation: speciation occurs on all but the steepest gradients. This is the most complete demonstration so far of speciation through sensory drive without geographical isolation. Our results also provide a mechanistic explanation for the collapse of cichlid fish species diversity during the anthropogenic eutrophication of Lake Victoria. 相似文献
69.
Quasi morphine-abstinence syndrome 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
70.
Zusammenfassung Hypotonische Streuungen, die in radiobestrahlten Kulturen menschlicher Lymphozyten Chromosomenaberrationen erkennen liessen, traten dort siebenmal häufiger auf als in unbestrahlten Kulturen; offenbar das Ergebnis einer wärmefreien Bestrahlung. Trotz des Fehlens bedeutender Unterschiede in der DNA-Synthese, der Zellvergrösserung und im mitotischen Index zwischen bestrahlten und unbestrahlten Kulturen kam es zu Aberrationen. 相似文献