Towards genetic genome projects: genomic library screening and gene-targeting vector construction in a single step.

We have developed technologies that simplify genomic library construction and screening, substantially reducing both the time and the cost associated with traditional library screening methods and facilitating the generation of gene-targeting constructs. By taking advantage of homologous recombination in Escherichia coli, we were able to use as little as 80 bp of total sequence homology to screen for a specific gene from a genomic library in plasmid or phage form. This method, called recombination cloning (REC), takes only a few days instead of the several weeks required for traditional plaque-lift methods. In addition, because every clone in the mouse genomic library we have constructed has a negative selection marker adjacent to the genomic insert, REC screening can generate gene-targeting vectors in one step, from library screening to finished construct. Conditional targeting constructs can be generated easily with minimal additional manipulation.     

Aberrant splicing of neural cell adhesion molecule L1 mRNA in a family with X-linked hydrocephalus.

A locus for X-linked hydrocephalus (HSAS), which is characterized by mental retardation and enlarged brain ventricles, maps to the same subchromosomal region (Xq28) as the gene for neural cell adhesion molecule L1. We have found novel L1 mRNA species in cells from affected members of a HSAS family containing deletions and insertions produced by the utilization of alternative 3' splice sites. A point mutation at a potential branch point signal in an intron segregates with the disease and is likely to be responsible for the abnormal RNA processing. These results suggest that HSAS is a disorder of neuronal cell migration due to disruption of L1 protein function.     

硼钛复合纤维拉伸曲线分析

研究了硼钛复合纤维在拉伸过程中的行为，结果表明：复合纤维的变形是由纤维的弹性应变与基体的弹塑性应变复合迭加而成，并且在纤维与基体结合十分牢固，基体组元体积分数又较少的情况下，复合纤维表现为高强度，高弹性模量及低塑性，将试验结果同理论计算模型进行了比较，所得结果基本一致。     

原油中水滴电分散的研究

原油中的水滴在高压直流电场中被电场力分散成小液滴。通过测定小液滴的平均粒径和原油中被分散的水量,发现水滴的电分散程度与温度和电场强度的变化有密切关系。温度改变原油性质来影响水滴的变形断裂,其中粘性阻力起主导作用。电场强度会明显影响水滴所受的电场力。在80℃下,场强1500V/cm时有10%以上的水滴被分散,到场强5 000V/cm时则达到40%以上。场强超过7 000V/cm以后分散作用的增强逐步减弱。     

2ZKX2148型直线振动筛侧板的有限元动力学分析

以结构力学理论为依据,以有限元ＳＡＰ５程序为计算手段,提出了一种直线振动筛侧板的动力学强度的计算方法,并分析了这类振动筛在侧板上产生裂纹的原因．     

“第六代”：后现代文化的符码“仿真”——张元、管虎创作比较研究

张元出生于1963年,1985年进入北京电影学院摄影系学习。他在1990年代初期拍摄完成的《妈妈》被认为是当代国内第一部“独立电影”。张元称得上是中国新生代导演群体中少有的“高产者”。在“浮出地表”之前,电影《北京杂种》《儿子》和《东宫.西宫》为他赢得了众多的国际声誉;而在1998年取得国际广播电影电视总局的“解禁令”之后,他又相继执导了影片《过年回家》《疯狂英语》《我爱你》《绿茶》《江姐》和《看上去很美》,也因此成为较早涉足国内电影商业化运作的一位新生代导演。作为新生代导演群体中的一类代表,张元的典型意义不仅在于他往返游走于“先锋”与“主旋律”之间的那份从容,而且“张元现象”也成为考量中国新生代导演十余年间辗转于电影美学与市场运作之间独特体验的生动样本。别有深意的是,这些细节都在某种特定的“全球化语境”中得到了更进一步的放大和渲染。本期邀约的四篇论文中,孙绍谊博士与李迅研究员提供的导演访谈尽可能地保留了许多现场交流的细节,使我们得以直接了解张元本人对于国内电影市场不无真诚又略显偏激的态度。这不仅是对读者反应式批评的有益补充,而且也正是本栏目所期冀的多元文体与多元研究路向的一次探索实践。刘福泉教授的《张元:在寻找中站立》秉承了传统美学批评的理路,以反叛、寻找、皈依为关键词,梳理张元从“小众”到“大众”乃至“主旋律”创作的心路历程。Adam Lam博士的《“第六代”:后现代文化的符码“仿真”》则通过对张元与另一位新生代导演管虎作品的比较研究,试图说明在“国际化”的巨型“能指”背后隐藏的权力运作机制。关于此问题,钱春莲、邱宝林二位博士合作完成的论文《论新生代电影导演的跨文化传播策略》提供出另外一种思路。论文从传播学的角度入手,探讨在经济全球化和文化全球化的双重维度上,新生代导演如何在直面市场的经济策略与以民族认同为基点的文化策略之间寻求微妙的平衡,并且将两岸三地青年导演的区域性合作纳入新生代电影的产业实践。这无疑开辟出一个新的研究路向,同时也呈现出一种新的合作发展的现实可能性。     

Human hepatitis B vaccine from recombinant yeast

The worldwide importance of human hepatitis B virus infection and the toll it takes in chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma, make it imperative that a vaccine be developed for worldwide application. Human hepatitis B vaccines are presently prepared using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that is purified from the plasma of human carriers of hepatitis B virus infection. The preparation of hepatitis B vaccine from a human source is restricted by the available supply of infected human plasma and by the need to apply stringent processes that purify the antigen and render it free of infectious hepatitis B virus and other possible living agents that might be present in the plasma. Joint efforts between our laboratories and those of Drs W. Rutter and B. Hall led to the preparation of vectors carrying the DNA sequence for HBsAg and antigen expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we describe the development of hepatitis B vaccine of yeast cell origin. HBsAg of subtype adw was produced in recombinant yeast cell culture, and the purified antigen in alum formulation stimulated production of antibody in mice, grivet monkeys and chimpanzees. Vaccinated chimpanzees were totally protected when challenged intravenously with either homologous or heterologous subtype adr and ayw virus of human serum source. This is the first example of a vaccine produced from recombinant cells which is effective against a human viral infection.