Food and habitat relationships of Claassenia sabulosa (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in the Upper Colorado River, Colorado

Streambed surveys were conducted along the upper Colorado River, Colorado, to describe the distributions of Claassenia sabulosa larvae in relation to current speed and to determine their diets. We also addressed diel feeding periodicity by sampling during both day and night. Claassenia sabulosa was more abundant in riffle habitats than in runs. A positive relationship existed between C. sabulosa abundance and stream current, with larval size increasing with current speed. Chironomidae, Baetidae, and Simulidae collectively accounted for 93% of the prey found in stonefly guts; however, these categories were not consumed equally by all C. sabulosa . Smaller C. sabulosa primarily ate chironomids, and larger individuals consumed more baetids. Only a slight difference existed in the percentage of empty guts between night- and day-collected stoneflies, and ranges of prey per gut at night were higher than those in the day, suggesting that these stoneflies may forage more intensively at night.     

Management Factors Influencing Location Selection Decisions of Independent Filmmakers: An Exploratory Case Study

This is an exploratory case study of a management issue that confronts filmmakers: how do they select locations for their films? The outcome of those decisions can have vast and immediate effects upon the profitability of a film. This is a sometimes shadowy, but significant industry with a major economic impact. For systems theory advocates, students, and explorers, this study demonstrates that investigative, immersive action research techniques can be used to explore what are otherwise hidden, somewhat cloistered business organizations and industry structures that are ordinarily closed to outsiders. The soft-system of this industry that is rooted upon trust, loyalty, alliances, relationships, and other non-financial bonds influence its decisions, and its institutional performance. While this research is focused upon a fragment of the overall film industry worldwide, and is thus limited in the universality of the propositions that subsequently emerge, this study can serve as a springboard for research into other soft systems, from which new knowledge of managerial perspectives can emerge.     

Suggestions for New Application Areas for Soft Systems Methodology in the Information Age

Soft systems methodology (SSM) is now 40?years old. Another decade has passed since Checkland??s thirty year retrospective on the methodology, published in 2000. It can now be described as an old methodology. But it has adapted and changed over the years and is still very much alive, although the days are long gone when it was mainly developed and practised by its founders at the University of Lancaster. Interestingly, considering that many applications of SSM over the years have been to information systems, it was developed before the age of personal computers and the Internet. The way SSM is viewed has changed over the years as it has been applied to various types of problem situation. Every use of SSM will potentially hold methodological lessons in addition to those about the situation of concern; these may include SSMs framework of ideas, processes and way of use. How is SSM going to change in the future? This will depend in part on the types of problem situation to which it is applied. This paper examines some problem situations associated with emerging technologies in the information age to which SSM has not yet been much applied. These include computer simulation and virtual reality, ubiquitous computing and the design of cities, Information Technology Service Management and the design of enterprise information architectures. Some of the different worldviews associated with these problem situations which could be explored using SSM are noted.     

次序统计量分布的参数识别

设x_1,x_2,…,x_n是n个相互独立的随机变量,第k个(1≤k≤n)次序统计量x(k)的分布是否能唯一决定每个随机变量x_i(i=1,2,…,n)的分布,当k=n时,Anderson TW等对一定类型的随机变量作出了肯定的回答。本文将对一定类型的相互独立同分布(i.i.d.)的随机变量,研究k为任意正整数(1≤k≤n)时上述提出的问题。     

Microbial starch-binding domains are superior to granule-bound starch synthase I for anchoring luciferase to potato starch granules

Microbial starch-binding domains (SBD) and granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) are proteins which are accumulated in potato starch granules. The efficiency of SBD and GBSSI for targeting active luciferase reporter proteins to granules during starch biosynthesis was compared. GBSSI or SBD sequences were fused to the N- or C-terminus of the luciferase (LUC) gene, via an artificial Pro-Thr encoding linker sequence. The genes were introduced into an amylose-free (amf) potato mutant. It appeared that SBD was superior to GBSSI as a targeting sequence, mainly because the luciferase retained higher activity in the SBD-containing fusion proteins than in the GBSSI-containing ones.