近年来关于应力腐蚀(SCC)的研究

应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)是金属材料的腐蚀问题中的重要部分。它指金属在特定介质中由于受稳定应力产生尖锐的裂纹而造成的金属材料的腐蚀破坏。它比较复杂,受许多因素的影响。因而对SCC的研究需要各方面的工作(图1)。 自1906年开始出现关于SCC的文章后的近80年中,人们从冶金学,断裂力学、物理和化学等各方面创造了一系列研究方法,从不同角度分析和总结,并提出了许多有关机理。对六、七十年代此方面的工作已有许多人进行过归纳和总结。这里在简单回顾以往工作的基础上主要归纳近两年来的有关工作。     

时效对Ni-Cr奥氏体钢高温低周疲劳破坏的影响

本文介绍了时效对Ni-Cr奥氏体不锈钢高温低周疲劳破坏的影响,并用裂纹密度、晶界开裂率等定量方法和断口金相分析法,讨论了晶界时效析出物对大气和真空中高温低周疲劳寿命N_f和疲劳行为具有不同影响趋势的原因,以及该影响与晶粒大小的依存关系。     

Catalysis of protein folding by prolyl isomerase

Rates of protein folding reactions vary considerably. Some denatured proteins regain the native conformation within milliseconds or seconds, whereas others refold very slowly in the time range of minutes or hours. Varying folding rates are observed not only for different proteins, but can also be detected for single polypeptide species. This originates from the co-existence of fast- and slow-folding forms of the unfolded protein, which regain the native state with different rates. The proline hypothesis provides a plausible explanation for this heterogeneity. It assumes that the slow-folding molecules possess non-native isomers of peptide bonds between proline and another residue, and that crucial steps in the refolding of the slow-folding molecules are limited in rate by the slow reisomerization of such incorrect proline peptide bonds. Recently the enzyme peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) was discovered and purified from pig kidney. It catalyses efficiently the cis in equilibrium trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Here we show that it also catalyses slow steps in the refolding of a number of proteins of which fast- and slow-folding species have been observed and where it was suggested that proline isomerization was involved in slow refolding. The efficiency of catalysis depends on the accessibility for the isomerase of the particular proline peptide bonds in the refolding protein chain.     

Glioma cell activation by Alzheimer's peptide Abeta1-42, alpha1-antichymotrypsin,and their mixture

We compared the effects ofAlzheimer's peptide (Abeta1-42), a,-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and an ACT/Abeta1-42 mixture on human glioma DK-MG cells. The solution of Abeta (5 microM) formed by 2-h incubation at room temperature induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels by 55 and 45%, respectively, and increased gelatinase B activity by 67%, while exposure of cells to the ACT/Abeta1-42 mixture (1:10 molar ratio ACT: Abeta1-42) under the same experimental conditions showed no effect on IL-6 levels or gelatinase B activity, but strongly induced TNF-alpha (by 190%), compared to the controls. Stimulation of the cells with Abeta1-42 alone, but not with ACT, increased by about 20% low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and mRNA levels for LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase, while the ACT/Abeta1-42 mixture significantly increased LDL uptake (by 50%), up-regulated mRNA levels for LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase by 48 and 63%, respectively, and increased lipid accumulation by about 20-fold. These data suggest a possible new role for Abeta in Alzheimer's disease through its interaction with the inflammatory reactant, ACT.     

模糊层次分析法在地基处理方案优选中的应用

简要介绍了模糊层次分析法的基本原理和分析问题的步骤。基于模糊层次分析法的软土地基处理方案优选，结果表明选择结果与实际相符合。     

福建省漳州地区第四纪以来植被气候演化的孢粉研究

根据地貌变化,在研究区共施工7个场地33个钻孔,对其中2个代表性钻孔的213个岩芯孢粉样品,采用孢粉谱定量分析法,通过孢粉百分比图式、浓度图式将其划分出若干孢粉组合带,并结合C14和光释光测年数据,揭示了漳州地区第四纪以来的气候演化过程.8.5 ka以来气候演化基本与我国南方区气候演化一致,以温暖气候为主,经历了由温暖偏干到温暖偏湿波动变化的7个阶段.植被经历了中亚热带含针叶树的常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶混交林→北亚热带灌草丛→中亚热带含松、柏树的常绿阔叶林→南亚热带常绿阔叶林→南亚热带含针叶树的常绿阔叶林→南亚热带含针叶树的灌草丛→南亚热带针叶林-灌丛的变化过程.     

容栅数显卡尺同步显示软件设计

介绍了容栅式数显卡尺同步显示装置的硬件、软件设计.该同步显示装置是把数显卡尺RS232接口输出信号送入以8051单片机为基础的信号处理电路,配以数据接收、数据处理、数据显示等软件,实现测量信号远距离传输,该装置在机床标尺等数显装置中广泛应用.     

基于DMC204的数控系统开发与应用

提出了在Windows操作系统平台上实现实时多任务处理的CNC系统控制体系结构，并依据这一结构方案，具体实现了一个具有开放性、模块化特征的简易CNC应用软件，该数控软件在经改造后的CK6140H普通车床上应用结果表明，车床的运行精度和效率大为提高。     

40Ar-39Ar ages of the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone near Chifeng, Inner Mongolia and their tectonic significance

The Louzidian normal fault occurs as the eastern detachment fault of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex. Field observations and microstructural analyses reveal that the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone developed in its lower-plate was genetically related to sinistral strike-slips and extensional faulting. Two samples from this ductile shear zone yield ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar plateau ages of 133 Ma (Bi) and 126 Ma (Kp), which are concordant with their isochron ages. The plateau age of 133 Ma (Bi) records the formation age of the ductile shear zone. The inconsistent relationship between the earlier strike-slip ductile shear zone and the later normal fault makes the Kalaqin Quasi-metamorphic core complex distinctive from Cordilleran metamorphic core complex. These ages provide important geochronological data for putting constraints on the formation age and genesis of such ductile shear zones.