Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells.

Stem cell biology has come of age. Unequivocal proof that stem cells exist in the haematopoietic system has given way to the prospective isolation of several tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, the initial delineation of their properties and expressed genetic programmes, and the beginnings of their utility in regenerative medicine. Perhaps the most important and useful property of stem cells is that of self-renewal. Through this property, striking parallels can be found between stem cells and cancer cells: tumours may often originate from the transformation of normal stem cells, similar signalling pathways may regulate self-renewal in stem cells and cancer cells, and cancer cells may include 'cancer stem cells' - rare cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal that drive tumorigenesis.     

石灰石—石膏湿法烟气脱硫效率影响因素分析

从5个方面分析了影响石灰石—石膏湿法烟气脱硫效率的因素,并对各因素进行了综合探讨。     

唇鱼骨基因组DNA提取与ISSR-PCR的优化

以唇鱼骨为材料,分别采用4种不同方法(CTAB法、SDS法、ROSE法及试剂盒)提取基因组DNA,并对影响PCR反应的模板DNA、引物、dNTPs、Mg2+、Taq酶浓度等主要因子进行了优化,建立了适合唇鱼骨基因组DNA的ISSR-PCR反应体系.25μL的PCR反应液含有的组分和终浓度分别为:约60 ng模板DNA,1.2 U Taq酶,0.4 μrnol/L引物,2.0 mmol/L MgCl2,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,2%甲酰胺.结果表明,利用优化反应体系对4种不同方法提取的DNA进行PCR扩增,均能得到较好的PCR扩增条带,以试剂盒法最佳,为淡水溪流性同属鱼类遗传多样性分析奠定了技术基础.     

低温度系数高电源抑制比带隙基准源的设计

基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种适用于数模或模数转换等模数混合电路的低温度系数、高电源抑制比的带隙基准电压源.针对传统带隙基准源工作电压的限制,设计采用电流模结构使之可工作于低电源电压,且输出基准电压可调;采用共源共栅结构(cascode)作电流源,提高电路的电源抑制比(PSRR);采用了具有高增益高输出摆幅的常见的两级运放.Cadence仿真结果表明:在1.8V电源电压下,输出基准电压约为534 mV,温度在-25～100℃范围内变化时,温度系数为4.8 ppm/℃,低频电源抑制比为-84 dB,在1.6～2.0 V电源电压变化范围内,电压调整率为0.15 mV/V.     

一类不确定性决策问题的变权分析方法

以灰色系统理论和模糊数学为基础,探讨了多属性决策问题中所包含的不确定性可以用灰色模糊数表示的情况,提出了基于灰色模糊信息的多属性决策的概念.利用分析方法和技巧,融合变权和熵权误差分析法,构建了灰色模糊多属性决策问题的算法,直接由灰色模糊决策矩阵确定变权的基础权重和上确界,使算法在理论上更加严谨可靠,为不确定型多属性决策方法研究提供了一条新思路.给出的算例说明了算法的可行性.     

Direct detection of more than 50% of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations by field inversion gels

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder affecting about 1 in 3,500 males. It is allelic with the milder Becker muscular dystrophy. The biochemical basis for both diseases is unknown and no effective treatment is available. Long-range physical mapping has shown that the DMD gene, localized in Xp21, is extremely large, exceeding 2 million base pairs. Until now, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis has involved the use of linked restriction fragment length polymorphism markers which detect muscular dystrophy-associated deletions in about 10% of the cases. Field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) allows the detection of structural rearrangements in 21 out of 39 of the DMD patients studied (54%), of which 14 (65%) were not detected by conventional methods. Large deletions seem to make up a much higher fraction of the DMD mutations than so far indicated by other methods. A region prone to deletion was located in the distal half of the gene. FIGE analysis could provide a valuable extension of information for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. The technique should be generally applicable to the study of diseases involving structural chromosomal rearrangements.     

基于分级遗传算法的结构损伤识别方法

提出了一种基于遗传算法的利用不完整振动数据识别结构损伤的新方法，该方法首先扩展不完整的振型并利用单元能量熵差比确定结构损伤的大致位置，然后采用二级搜索策略，借助遗传算法确定结构损伤的程度，数值计算结果表明，当可能的损伤区域较大时，本方法较直接搜索策略更能有效地确定结构损伤的程度。     

The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

Magnaporthe grisea is the most destructive pathogen of rice worldwide and the principal model organism for elucidating the molecular basis of fungal disease of plants. Here, we report the draft sequence of the M. grisea genome. Analysis of the gene set provides an insight into the adaptations required by a fungus to cause disease. The genome encodes a large and diverse set of secreted proteins, including those defined by unusual carbohydrate-binding domains. This fungus also possesses an expanded family of G-protein-coupled receptors, several new virulence-associated genes and large suites of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. Consistent with a role in fungal pathogenesis, the expression of several of these genes is upregulated during the early stages of infection-related development. The M. grisea genome has been subject to invasion and proliferation of active transposable elements, reflecting the clonal nature of this fungus imposed by widespread rice cultivation.     

用于三维封装的多层芯片键合对准技术

采用离心力使硅片直角边与模具凹槽直角边贴紧对准的思想,提出了一种用于三维系统封装的多芯片对准技术.基于该技术原理制作了对准装置,并实现了多芯片一次性对准键合(6层芯片).具体过程包括:加工带方形凹槽的模具;将芯片切割为形状一致的方形,并保证边缘整齐;将芯片置入凹槽并旋转模具,对准后停止旋转并夹紧固定堆叠芯片;将固定后的芯片转移至键合腔内实现键合,试验测试键合后对准误差为4μm.具体分析了影响多层芯片对准精度的因素,并提出了优化方案,论证了离心对准技术的可行性.