电聚合固定化介体催化强化2,6-二硝基甲苯生物还原

难生物降解的水溶性氧化还原介体会随出水而流失,造成二次污染.采用活性炭毡(ACF)电极上电聚合吡咯单体掺杂蒽醌二磺酸盐技术制备的固定化氧化还原介体,AQDS/PPy/ACF,考察了其作为一种新型固态介体催化2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)生物还原的可行性.结果表明,基体材料对聚吡咯复合材料的表面形貌特性影响很大,在铂片上形成的聚吡咯呈菜花状,而在ACF上则呈现微球状;AQDS/PPy/ACF对2,6-DNT具有较强的生物催化活性和催化稳定性;它的加入可使2,6-DNT的生物还原速率提高近4倍,一级降解动力学常数达到0.0345h-1;在该反应体系中,2,6-DNT首先被还原为中间产物2-氨基-6-硝基甲苯(2-A-6-NT),后者再被还原为终产物2,6-二氨基甲苯(2,6-DAT).     

甲醇-汽油混合燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响

通过汽油机燃用甲醇-汽油混合燃料（其中甲醇的体积分数为109／6，汽油的体积分数为90％，简称M10燃料）和汽油的对比试验，研究了M10燃料对汽油机性能和排放的影响，并用气相色谱仪测量了尾气中的甲醇和甲醛排放．试验研究表明：汽油机燃用M10燃料对汽油机动力性影响不大，但汽油机有效热效率和燃油经济性提高，排温有所降低；CO和HC排放减少，NOx排放与燃用汽油时相当；甲醇和甲醛排放增加．排气经三效催化转化器后，CO、HC和NOx排放可以被控制在与常规汽油机排放相当的水平，甲醇和甲醛排放可以被控制在接近零排放的水平．     

Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease.

A locus segregating with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been mapped to chromosome 21, close to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. Recombinants between the APP gene and the AD locus have been reported which seemed to exclude it as the site of the mutation causing familial AD. But recent genetic analysis of a large number of AD families has demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous. Families with late-onset AD do not show linkage to chromosome 21 markers. Some families with early-onset AD show linkage to chromosome 21 markers, but some do not. This has led to the suggestion that there is non-allelic genetic heterogeneity even within early onset familial AD. To avoid the problems that heterogeneity poses for genetic analysis, we have examined the cosegregation of AD and markers along the long arm of chromosome 21 in a single family with AD confirmed by autopsy. Here we demonstrate that in this kindred, which shows linkage to chromosome 21 markers, there is a point mutation in the APP gene. This mutation causes an amino-acid substitution (Val----Ile) close to the carboxy terminus of the beta-amyloid peptide. Screening other cases of familial AD revealed a second unrelated family in which this variant occurs. This suggests that some cases of AD could be caused by mutations in the APP gene.     

中国碳纳米管领域研发能力评估

碳纳米管是国际材料科学的前沿领域之一,研究成果不断涌现,这些研究成果主要以研究论文和专利的形式出现。随着近年来中国科研实力的提升,中国科学家在碳纳米管研究领域也取得了相当突出的成绩,影响力越来越大。利用Web of Science和Derwent Aureka对2000—2009年碳纳米管相关的论文及专利进行检索分析,对我国碳纳米管领域的研发能力进行了评估。     

Overexpression of N-cadherin is correlated with metastasis and worse survival in colorectal cancer patients

N-cadherin is related to the progression and metastases of several solid carcinomas. However, it was still unclear whether N-cadherin is overexpressed in colorectal malignant tumors that have stronger malignant tendency. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression patterns of N-cadherin in both the primary tumors and their normal mucosa tissues of 120 patients with colorectal cancer. We revealed that N-cadherin was expressed in 78.3% (94/120) of colorectal tumor tissues and in only 9.2% (11/120) of paired distant normal mucosa tissues with a significant difference (P=0.000). The low, moderate, and high expression of N-cadherin protein was 42.5%, 30.8%, and 26.7%, respectively. N-cadherin overexpression was associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph nodes metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Patients with N-cadherin overexpressed showed the obvious lower overall survival rate than those with moderate and low expression, and patients with low expression had a better survival rate than those with moderate and high expression (P<0.05). In conclusion, high N-cadherin expression may lead to tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential in colorectal cancer, and may prove to be a possible prognostic factor.     

短小芽孢杆菌C-9葡聚糖内切酶基因的克隆及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

从短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)C-9中克隆得到葡聚糖内切酶基因,该基因包含1980 bp核苷酸,编码559个氨基酸,其N端有一个预测的29个氨基酸的信号肽序列;以YIp5质粒为骨架,构建rDNA介导的多拷贝整合载体,实现葡聚糖内切酶在酿酒酵母中的高效、稳定表达。与对照菌株相比,含有葡聚糖内切酶基因的重组酿酒酵母可以在以羧甲基纤维素为唯一碳源的培养基上生长。     

钴铁氧体纳米晶粒的结构及磁特性研究

采用化学共沉法制备了纳米尺度的钴铁氧体粉料,并在1260~1340℃温度下进行了退火处理,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的结构和磁性进行了测量和分析.实验结果表明,在钴高含量(x≥0.7)时样品形成了单一的具有尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体,而钴含量x<0.7时样品生成了尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体相和α-Fe2O3相;CoxFe3-xO4的比饱和磁化强度σS随x的增加呈现出了先增后减的趋势,在x=0.8时出现峰值;在x=0.5~0.8范围内,矫顽力Hc随钴含量的增加有所下降,随后迅速增加,在x=1.0附近能同时得到较大的σS和Hc值.     

基于双极性多脉冲的UWB调制方案及性能分析

针对普遍单脉冲位置调制的不足,在已有的UWB(Ultra-Wideband)脉冲位置调制研究基础上,提出了一种改进的双极性多脉冲位置调制(AMPPM:Ambipolar Multi-Pulse Position Modulation)的UWB跳时调制方案,并对其加性高斯白噪声(AWGN:Additive white Gaussian Noise)下的信道容量,最大可靠通信距离等性能指标进行了理论分析。理论分析及实验数值结果表明,在相同的条件下,与普通的单脉冲位置调制(PPM:Pulse Position Modulation)相比,AMPPM能获得较高的容量,即在给定可实现脉冲宽度下可获得更高的通信速率。仿真结果表明,当脉冲宽度为0.5 ns时,L进制AMPPM可达到333 Mbit/s的速率,而同等条件下的L进制PPM仅能达到167 Mbit/s的速率。同时AMPPM在最大可靠通信距离指标方面也较相应的PPM及脉冲幅度调制(PAM:Pulse Amplitude Modulation)有改善,在100 Mbit/s及10-4的误码率下可达到8 m的通信距离。     

强震作用下钢-混凝土结构弹塑性损伤分析

通过LS-DYNA程序二次开发了钢材的弹塑性损伤本构模型,并分别建立了钢框架和混凝土核心筒的损伤准则.对强震作用下某20层的钢-混凝土混合结构的层间位移、框架与核心筒之间剪力分配等进行了数值分析,结果表明混凝土核心筒变形能力较钢框架差,强震作用下容易在薄弱层处产生变形集中破坏;对两种结构体系损伤发展过程分析表明,损伤指数能很好地跟踪两种结构体系的抗震能力退化过程,该模型和损伤准则可以用于强震作用下钢-混凝土混合结构的弹塑性损伤分析.     

稀土掺杂锂电池正极锰酸锂的合成及电化学性能

采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电池性能测试仪等系统分析了Pechini法合成的LiMxMn2-xO4(M=La,Ce,Nd;x=0,0.02,0.03)的结构、形貌、首次充放电及循环稳定性等.结果表明;除LiCe0.03Mn1.97O4、LiNd0.03Mn1.97O4样品含有微量杂质相(CeO2或Nd2O3)外,其他样品均具有纯的尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构;样品呈规则的球形或近球形,粒径为1.0～2.0μm;采用适量的稀土掺杂可显著提高LiMn2O4样品的首次充放电和循环稳定性能,LiLa0.02Mn1.97O4样品的首次放电容量为123.3 mAh/g,经30次循环充放电后的容量仍保持在112.8 mAh/g,容量保持率为91.5%,远高于相同条件下未掺杂样品的容量保持率.