A New Method with High Confidence for Validation of Computer Simulation Models of Flight Systems

Computer simulation models may by used to gain further information about missile performance variability. Model validation is an important aspect of the test program for a missile system. Validation provides a basis for confidence in the model's results and is a necessary step if the model is to be used to draw inference about the behavior of the real missile. This paper is a review of methods useful for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems and provides a new method with high degree of confidence for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems. Some examples of the use of the new method in validating computer simulation models are given.     

Research of Industrial Regions Classification at County-Level

The paper studies some important issues concerning the classification of industrialregions at the county-level by using methods of correlation-principal component analysis and fuzzycluster technique.According to reality it also gives a case study in which the connty-level industrialregional classification is simulated.     

南海北部近代沉积物钕同位素分布及意义

南海北部及周边地区近代陆源沉积物稀土元素配分模式总体相似, 接近上地壳平均成分(PAAS), 在重稀土含量上则略为偏高, LaN/LuN比值明显小于PAAS. 但是珠江主要支流西江沉积物的稀土元素含量略高于PAAS, 在重稀土分布态势上明显偏轻, LaN/LuN比值明显大于PAAS. 南海北部地区近代沉积物钕同位素分布具有明显的区域性, 主要受控于珠江源区和闽粤沿海源区以及台湾岛源区. 闽粤沿海地区ε_Nd(0)值最大, 西江沉积物最小, 台湾岛以及海域中沉积物ε_Nd(0)值介于两者之间. 沿伶仃洋-东沙岛连线, 在该线东北区域钕同位素值相对偏高, 西南区域相对偏低. 珠江源沉积物主要影响该线西南区域, 源区母岩以发育大量古生代碳酸盐岩为特征. 闽粤沿海源区以及台湾岛源区, 主要影响该线东北区域, 闽粤沿海源区母岩以发育大量中新生代花岗岩为特征. 由于源区母岩成分上的不同, 造成沉积物在重稀土含量、Sc/Ti比值以及ε_Nd(0)值上存在明显差异. 发育在东沙群岛东南侧高沉积速率堆积体的陆源物质超过80%来自南海北部源区即闽粤沿海源区以及台湾岛源区, 来自珠江源的陆源沉积物不超过20%.     

珠穆朗玛峰东绒布冰芯1800 AD以来的火山活动记录

通过元素Bi的含量, 研究了珠穆朗玛峰东绒布冰芯记录的1800 AD以来的9次强火山活动的信号. 结果表明, 东绒布冰芯中Bi含量的变化对关键区域的强火山活动有很好的记录, 这为山地冰芯定年提供了很好的标志层, 并为开展更长时间序列的山地冰芯火山记录研究提供了基础.     

全球植被分布对陆面气温影响的半解析分析

植被分布对全球环流及其温度分布有极其重要的影响, 对于自由大气的无黏性绝热、斜压、大尺度定常有限扰动, 通过三维环流控制方程来描述, 再结合P坐标下的静力方程得到温度的控制方程, 化成到地形坐标系下, 得到环流温度的三维控制方程. 结合下边界辐射平衡条件与常数上边界条件, 可以给出全球环流温度的半解析解. 本文只讨论了陆面气温的分布, 可以看到该模型能够较好地反映全球陆面气温的分布, 而且当考虑到植被反照率对温度的反馈时计算的结果更加符合观测值. 对于敏感性试验, 考虑到全球陆面为冰雪覆盖时陆面气温有较大的降低, 全球陆面为森林覆盖时陆面气温偏高. 所以本模型能够从理论上半解析地给出陆面气温随植被分布的变化, 是研究陆面生态分布对陆面气温变化的一个较好的工具.     

单乙醇胺(MEA)捕获二氧化碳过程解吸能耗的模拟

采用ProMax2.0模拟了30% (质量分数)单乙醇胺填料塔吸收 - 解吸CO2的传统流程,考察了贫吸收液CO2负载(CLL)和溶液循环流速(SCR)对解吸用再沸器热负荷(Qreb)的影响.全系统模拟结果表明,当CO2 移除效率为90%时,CLL增加导致Qreb显著下降后再缓慢上升,其最佳值为0.20 mol CO2/mol MEA (MCPM),此时Qreb达最小值3.24 GJ/t CO2.单独的解吸系统模拟结果显示,当CLL 和富吸收液CO2负载(CRL)不变时,解吸塔中富胺进料流量的变化不影响热负荷.然而,由于全吸收 - 解吸系统CLL和CRL的变化则直接导致解吸塔富胺进料流量和热负荷的变化.     

Institutional experience of PTH evaluation on fine-needle washing after aspiration biopsy to locate hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue

Assaying parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the washing liquid after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) seems to be a valid approach to locate parathyroid tissue. PTH-FNAB was evaluated in 47 patients with a clinical picture of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) and ultrasonography (US) suggestive of parathyroid lesion. The patients were subdivided into two groups on the basis of the absence or presence of US thyroid alterations. The result of PTH-FNAB was compared with those of cytology, scintigraphy and, in 24 patients, surgical outcome. PTH-FNAB samples with a value higher than that recorded in the serum and higher than our institutional cut-off were deemed to be probable samples of parathyroid tissue. Cytology proved diagnostic for benign thyroid lesions, non-diagnostic for thyroid lesions, hyperplastic parathyroid tissue, undetermined or malignant thyroid lesions and other lesions in 45%, 30%, 17%, 4%, and 4% of cases, respectively. In 47% of cases, PTH-FNAB indicated that the sample had been taken in parathyroid tissue. In patients without US alterations, the diagnostic accuracy of PTH-FNAB was greater than that of scintigraphy. After surgery, comparison between the results of PTH-FNAB and scintigraphy, in terms of positive predictive value (PPV), revealed the superiority of PTH-FNAB; PPV was 94% for FNAB and 71% for scintigraphy, while sensitivity was 83% and 69%, respectively. PTH-FNAB evaluation after FNAB appears to be more diagnostic than cytology and scintigraphy. Of all the procedures used, PTH-FNAB appears to be the method of choice when the target is US suggestive and reachable. PTH-FNAB appears to be a useful method of guiding surgical intervention.     

Nonlinear limits to the information capacity of optical fibre communications.

The exponential growth in the rate at which information can be communicated through an optical fibre is a key element in the 'information revolution'. However, as for all exponential growth laws, physical limits must be considered. The nonlinear nature of the propagation of light in optical fibre has made these limits difficult to elucidate. Here we use a key simplification to investigate the theoretical limits to the information capacity of an optical fibre arising from these nonlinearities. The success of our approach lies in relating the nonlinear channel to a linear channel with multiplicative noise, for which we are able to obtain analytical results. In fundamental distinction to linear channels with additive noise, the capacity of a nonlinear channel does not grow indefinitely with increasing signal power, but has a maximal value. The ideas presented here may have broader implications for other nonlinear information channels, such as those involved in sensory transduction in neurobiology. These have been often examined using additive noise linear channel models but, as we show here, nonlinearities can change the picture qualitatively.     

Gridlock signalling pathway fashions the first embryonic artery.

Arteries and veins are morphologically, functionally and molecularly very different, but how this distinction is established during vasculogenesis is unknown. Here we show, by lineage tracking in zebrafish embryos, that angioblast precursors for the trunk artery and vein are spatially mixed in the lateral posterior mesoderm. Progeny of each angioblast, however, are restricted to one of the vessels. This arterial-venous decision is guided by gridlock (grl), an artery-restricted gene that is expressed in the lateral posterior mesoderm. Graded reduction of grl expression, by mutation or morpholino antisense, progressively ablates regions of the artery, and expands contiguous regions of the vein, preceded by an increase in expression of the venous marker EphB4 receptor (ephb4) and diminution of expression of the arterial marker ephrin-B2 (efnb2). grl is downstream of notch, and interference with notch signalling, by blocking Su(H), similarly reduces the artery and increases the vein. Thus, a notch-grl pathway controls assembly of the first embryonic artery, apparently by adjudicating an arterial versus venous cell fate decision.