Hybrid solar cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene） and electrospun TiO2 nanofibers modified with CdS nanoparticles

Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and electrospun TiO2 nano bers were fabricated by solution process.The ef ciency of the device was improved by modifying CdS nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 by electrochemical method.The CdS layer can lead to the increase of both open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the device,which are attributed to enhanced exciton dissociation and light absorption and suppressed carrier recombination by CdS at the heterojunction.However,too thick CdS layer led to increased series resistance and decreased ef ciency of the device.Therefore,the optimum condition of the CdS deposition was obtained,which increased the power conversion ef ciency of the device for about 50%.Our results indicate that the surface modi cation on the inorganic semiconductor layer is an effect way to improve the performance of the hybrid solar cells.     

多UAV协同搜索的博弈论模型及快速求解方法

在分布式模型预测控制（DMPC）方法框架下,提出了一种局部Nash最优的分布式搜索优化决策方法.设计了基于人工势场的协同机制,给出了势场的形成条件,在此基础上建立了多机协同的图论模型.引入局部Nash最优的定义,通过在连通分量的局部范围进行Nash最优迭代,降低了问题的求解维度.建立了以节点出度刻画UAV决策优先度的模型,根据决策偏序关系,提出了对称、主从、主从 对称3种决策形式,并给出了相应的Nash、Stackelberg和Nash Stackelberg的博弈模型,理论推导了该方法的计算复杂度.采用MPC和粒子群（PSO）优化相结合实现单架UAV的最优决策.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能有效降低问题的求解规模和通信负担.     

Somatic and germline activating mutations of the ALK kinase receptor in neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma, a tumour derived from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, is one of the most frequent solid tumours in childhood. It usually occurs sporadically but familial cases are observed, with a subset of cases occurring in association with congenital malformations of the neural crest being linked to germline mutations of the PHOX2B gene. Here we conducted genome-wide comparative genomic hybridization analysis on a large series of neuroblastomas. Copy number increase at the locus encoding the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase receptor was observed recurrently. One particularly informative case presented a high-level gene amplification that was strictly limited to ALK, indicating that this gene may contribute on its own to neuroblastoma development. Through subsequent direct sequencing of cell lines and primary tumour DNAs we identified somatic mutations of the ALK kinase domain that mainly clustered in two hotspots. Germline mutations were observed in two neuroblastoma families, indicating that ALK is a neuroblastoma predisposition gene. Mutated ALK proteins were overexpressed, hyperphosphorylated and showed constitutive kinase activity. The knockdown of ALK expression in ALK-mutated cells, but also in cell lines overexpressing a wild-type ALK, led to a marked decrease of cell proliferation. Altogether, these data identify ALK as a critical player in neuroblastoma development that may hence represent a very attractive therapeutic target in this disease that is still frequently fatal with current treatments.     

Correlation of rate of gas temperature rise with mass loss rate in a ceiling vented compartment

n-heptane pool fire and industrial alcohol pool fire in a ceiling vented compartment were studied experimentally. The parameters including mass loss rate and rate of gas temperature rise were investigated. The results suggest that the rate of gas temperature rise, whose varia- tions were highly coincident with those of the mass loss rate, minimized at the moment of extinction. The correlation of the rate of average nondimensional temperature rise with mass loss rate was established. It was found that the rate of average nondimensional temperature rise may be correlated with mass loss rate via the gas heat absorption coefficient which was found to be a quadratic function of the nondimensional heat release rate for the ceiling vented compartment under study. The present study may be of practical use for estimation of the time-dependent changes in mass loss rate from the gas temperature curves.     

骨髓红粒细胞自动识别的深度学习模型

为了实现骨髓血细胞的自动识别, 构建了骨髓红系细胞和粒系细胞数据集, 基于深度学习语义分割技术提出了 CellNet 网络模型。 该模型通过加入残差模块增加了网络的深度, 利用卷积残差块使网络模型更容易训练, 并结合 U鄄Net 的裁剪操作为分割提供更精细的特征。 实验结果表明, 该模型对骨髓红系细胞和粒系细胞识别正确率分别达到 93. 65% 、95. 25% , 为骨髓血细胞自动识别技术提供了一种方法。     

The Polycomb group protein EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation

The establishment and maintenance of epigenetic gene silencing is fundamental to cell determination and function. The essential epigenetic systems involved in heritable repression of gene activity are the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and the DNA methylation systems. Here we show that the corresponding silencing pathways are mechanistically linked. We find that the PcG protein EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2) interacts-within the context of the Polycomb repressive complexes 2 and 3 (PRC2/3)-with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and associates with DNMT activity in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitations indicate that binding of DNMTs to several EZH2-repressed genes depends on the presence of EZH2. Furthermore, we show by bisulphite genomic sequencing that EZH2 is required for DNA methylation of EZH2-target promoters. Our results suggest that EZH2 serves as a recruitment platform for DNA methyltransferases, thus highlighting a previously unrecognized direct connection between two key epigenetic repression systems.     

Deregulation of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase leads to spontaneous nodule development

Induced development of a new plant organ in response to rhizobia is the most prominent manifestation of legume root-nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Here we show that the complex root-nodule organogenic programme can be genetically deregulated to trigger de novo nodule formation in the absence of rhizobia or exogenous rhizobial signals. In an ethylmethane sulphonate-induced snf1 (spontaneous nodule formation) mutant of Lotus japonicus, a single amino-acid replacement in a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is sufficient to turn fully differentiated root cortical cells into meristematic founder cells of root nodule primordia. These spontaneous nodules are genuine nodules with an ontogeny similar to that of rhizobial-induced root nodules, corroborating previous physiological studies. Using two receptor-deficient genetic backgrounds we provide evidence for a developmentally integrated spontaneous nodulation process that is independent of lipochitin-oligosaccharide signal perception and oscillations in Ca2+ second messenger levels. Our results reveal a key regulatory position of CCaMK upstream of all components required for cell-cycle activation, and a phenotypically divergent series of mutant alleles demonstrates positive and negative regulation of the process.     

基于改进ConvNeXt的COVID-19胸部图像分类

针对新型冠状病毒感染胸部 X-ray 图像分类任务数据集样本过少,现有的两阶段分类器和三阶段分类器模型对高纬度的图像特征提取效果差,模型训练慢等问题,提出一种基于 ConvNeXt 卷积神经网络改进的分类任务算法 ConvNeXt-AT。 ConvNeXt-AT 分类模型首先通过在 ConvNeXt Block 层添加混合域注意力机制 CBAM 来提高图像特征提取能力,不仅考虑了通道间的信息交互能力还考虑到了空间域上像素间的联系,得到 ConvNeXt-AT 模型;然后针对 X-ray 图片常见的泊松噪声使用全变差正则化方法对数据集进行降噪处理;最后在 COVID-19 公开的大型数据集共 21165 张图片进行对比实验。 实验结果表明,在训练数据集充分的情况下,改进的 ConvNeXt-AT 模型相较于常用分类模型 ResNet-50、MobileNet、EfficientNet 以及原 ConvNeXt-T 在准确率上分别提升了 2%、2. 7%、2. 1%、1. 9%。 最后通过 Grad-CAM 显示类激活图的图像可视化方法证明改进方法是可行的,模型具有很好的鲁棒性。