构建古代文学课程体系的研究

充分开发利用古代文学深厚丰富的思想文化宝藏,建构古代文学课程体系,有效地培养学生古代文学的综合素质。     

轿车生产线装配工艺规划的仿真系统设计

轿车生产线工艺规划是连接轿车设计与大批量生产的桥梁，为提高计算机辅助生产线装配工艺规划的质量和效率，本文在完成轿车装配工艺建模和装配序列生成的基础上，综合考虑流水线装配生产中与装配工艺规划密切相关的因素，提出建立装配流水线工艺图的仿真建模方法，设计了相应的软件包进行面向生产线的装配任务规划，直观显示任务规划结果，为工艺规划提供了有效的工具。     

遗传算法在远程防空导弹总体优化设计中的应用

强调了远程防空导弹在防空体系的地位 ,讨论了远程防空导弹作战使命及主要技术途径的实现思想。运用防空导弹研制中继承性和创造性给出了有创新意义下的远程防空导弹总体设计方案并给出了详细的双脉冲固体火箭发动机的数学模型。运用遗传算法进行了远程防空导弹总体设计并给出了优化设计结果     

Learned kin recognition cues in a social bird

In many cooperatively breeding birds, kin selection has an important role in the evolution and maintenance of social behaviour, and 'helpers' can maximize indirect fitness gains by preferentially allocating care to close relatives. Although there is evidence for kin-biased helping behaviour in several species, the mechanism of kin recognition underlying this behaviour is poorly understood. Vocalizations are the most commonly used cues in avian recognition systems, but the effectiveness of vocal signals as reliable recognition cues must depend on how they are acquired. However, there have been no experimental studies of the development of vocal recognition cues in cooperative birds; indeed, the ontogeny of all bird vocalizations other than song is poorly known in any species. Here, we show that cooperatively breeding long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus) can discriminate between kin and non-kin according to the individual-specific characteristics of contact calls, and show experimentally that individuals learn these calls from provisioning adults during the nestling period. Finally, we show that the pattern of cooperative behaviour in this species is consistent with the use of recognition cues learned through association.     

Wolbachia variability and host effects on crossing type in Culex mosquitoes

Wolbachia is a common maternally inherited bacterial symbiont able to induce crossing sterilities known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in insects. Wolbachia-modified sperm are unable to complete fertilization of uninfected ova, but a rescue function allows infected eggs to develop normally. By providing a reproductive advantage to infected females, Wolbachia can rapidly invade uninfected populations, and this could provide a mechanism for driving transgenes through pest populations. CI can also occur between Wolbachia-infected populations and is usually associated with the presence of different Wolbachia strains. In the Culex pipiens mosquito group (including the filariasis vector C. quinquefasciatus) a very unusual degree of complexity of Wolbachia-induced crossing-types has been reported, with partial or complete CI that can be unidirectional or bidirectional, yet no Wolbachia strain variation was found. Here we show variation between incompatible Culex strains in two Wolbachia ankyrin repeat-encoding genes associated with a prophage region, one of which is sex-specifically expressed in some strains, and also a direct effect of the host nuclear genome on CI rescue.     

Unidirectional molecular motor on a gold surface

Molecules capable of mimicking the function of a wide range of mechanical devices have been fabricated, with motors that can induce mechanical movement attracting particular attention. Such molecular motors convert light or chemical energy into directional rotary or linear motion, and are usually prepared and operated in solution. But if they are to be used as nanomachines that can do useful work, it seems essential to construct systems that can function on a surface, like a recently reported linear artificial muscle. Surface-mounted rotors have been realized and limited directionality in their motion predicted. Here we demonstrate that a light-driven molecular motor capable of repetitive unidirectional rotation can be mounted on the surface of gold nanoparticles. The motor design uses a chiral helical alkene with an upper half that serves as a propeller and is connected through a carbon-carbon double bond (the rotation axis) to a lower half that serves as a stator. The stator carries two thiol-functionalized 'legs', which then bind the entire motor molecule to a gold surface. NMR spectroscopy reveals that two photo-induced cis-trans isomerizations of the central double bond, each followed by a thermal helix inversion to prevent reverse rotation, induce a full and unidirectional 360 degrees rotation of the propeller with respect to the surface-mounted lower half of the system.     

Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability

Systematic climate shifts have been linked to multidecadal variability in observed sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean. These links are extensive, influencing a range of climate processes such as hurricane activity and African Sahel and Amazonian droughts. The variability is distinct from historical global-mean temperature changes and is commonly attributed to natural ocean oscillations. A number of studies have provided evidence that aerosols can influence long-term changes in sea surface temperatures, but climate models have so far failed to reproduce these interactions and the role of aerosols in decadal variability remains unclear. Here we use a state-of-the-art Earth system climate model to show that aerosol emissions and periods of volcanic activity explain 76 per cent of the simulated multidecadal variance in detrended 1860-2005 North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. After 1950, simulated variability is within observational estimates; our estimates for 1910-1940 capture twice the warming of previous generation models but do not explain the entire observed trend. Other processes, such as ocean circulation, may also have contributed to variability in the early twentieth century. Mechanistically, we find that inclusion of aerosol-cloud microphysical effects, which were included in few previous multimodel ensembles, dominates the magnitude (80 per cent) and the spatial pattern of the total surface aerosol forcing in the North Atlantic. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic aerosol emissions influenced a range of societally important historical climate events such as peaks in hurricane activity and Sahel drought. Decadal-scale model predictions of regional Atlantic climate will probably be improved by incorporating aerosol-cloud microphysical interactions and estimates of future concentrations of aerosols, emissions of which are directly addressable by policy actions.     

全息曝光条纹锁定研究与装置设计

全息曝光环节干涉条纹的稳定性对于潜像质量的高低有着直接的影响,进而影响掩模形貌和离子刻蚀后光栅的槽型.为了保证干涉条纹的稳定性,依据反馈控制的理论,构造闭环反馈控制回路,采用光电探测器进行误差信号(光信号)的提取,经过光-电转换,得到电信号,由于信号极其微弱,再先后通过前置放大,差动放大,积分电路,对所得误差信号进行处理,形成补偿信号,最后利用压电陶瓷进行电压-位移转换,利用转换出的位移信号对光路实施补偿.实验结果表明:该条纹锁定系统能够实时对光路稳定性进行良好的补偿控制,消除外界干扰带来的影响.     

新型铸造铝合金的耐酸雨腐蚀性能研究

本文模拟酸雨试验研究了酸雨的PH值及温度对新型铸造铝合金进行耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在模拟酸雨试验中,随着腐蚀液PH值的降低、温度的升高试样的腐蚀速率增加,随着试验时间的延长试样的腐蚀速率降低。含Cr铝合金有较好的耐酸雨腐蚀性能。