过程系统分析优化中损耗计价策略

本文从通用的系统优化目标出发，阐明了过程损耗计价的物理实质及必要性，并根据过程系统的用能特点，探讨了过程系统三个子系统各自损耗计价的策略，进而导出了每个子系统中损耗单价的计算式     

A large population of 'Lyman-break' galaxies in a protocluster at redshift z approximately 4.1

The most massive galaxies and the richest clusters are believed to have emerged from regions with the largest enhancements of mass density relative to the surrounding space. Distant radio galaxies may pinpoint the locations of the ancestors of rich clusters, because they are massive systems associated with 'overdensities' of galaxies that are bright in the Lyman-alpha line of hydrogen. A powerful technique for detecting high-redshift galaxies is to search for the characteristic 'Lyman break' feature in the galaxy colour, at wavelengths just shortwards of Lyalpha, which is due to absorption of radiation from the galaxy by the intervening intergalactic medium. Here we report multicolour imaging of the most distant candidate protocluster, TN J1338-1942 at a redshift z approximately 4.1. We find a large number of objects with the characteristic colours of galaxies at that redshift, and we show that this excess is concentrated around the targeted dominant radio galaxy. Our data therefore indicate that TN J1338-1942 is indeed the most distant cluster progenitor of a rich local cluster, and that galaxy clusters began forming when the Universe was only ten per cent of its present age.     

Mechanism and estimation of negative entropy flow in terrestrial system

The origin, existence and evolution of life on the earth depend on the negative entropy flow in the terrestrial system (TS). In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms of different negative entropy flows caused by the vertical heat transfer of water phase transition and the gravitational field effect, and the vertical atmospheric heat transfer and the gravitational field effect, under the influences of the sun's radiation, the photosynthesis of the plants, and the earth's rotation. The magnitude orders and the mechanisms of the abovementioned negative entropy flow are also discussed.     

“两课”教学的现状及对策分析

高校“两课”教学是对大学生进行思想政治教育的主渠道和主阵地。通过对“两课”教学现状的调查，影响“两课”教学效果具有多种原因。     

语言路上的相遇--海德格尔、庄子语言美学研究

海德格尔与庄子，一个讲存在，讲存在的语言；一个讲道，讲道之语言。一个要求人们放弃形而上的立场，听凭语言以自己的方式存在，任其自行道说自己；一个要求人们放弃以自我为中心的偏私立场，超越日常语言的羁绊，契合天地宇宙万物的真实言说。相似的哲学基础，最终促成了海德格尔与老庄在语言路上的相遇。     

非一致的Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型三角剖分Δ—(i)m,n(i=1,2)上的样条函数空间

本文以逐次分解法为基础,具体讨论了非一致的Ⅰ—型和Ⅱ—型三角剖分下的多元样条函数空间Ｓｒ－１ｋ（Δ－（ｉ）ｍ,ｎ）（ｉ＝１,２）,（γ≤３）,给出了此空间上样条函数的显式表达式及空间维数公式．     

提高超声波测距精度的方法

基于宏晶公司新近推出的STC12C5410单片机，通过利用温度校正、标杆校正、软件校正的方法实现超声波测距精度由厘米级向毫米级跨进的方法。给出了硬件设计电路图及软件的流程图。在电路的实际测试过程中，成功地达到了预期的效果。     

外场协同强化扩散传质过程的唯象分析

根据非平衡热力学熵产生表达式中热力学力和流的定义，并结合不可逆过程中热力学力和流之间的因果关系，推导了热力学力和流之间的唯象表达式，由此分析得到：除化学势梯度及温度梯度(热扩散，Soret效应)能引起物质的扩散外，外场力也对物质扩散流产生贡献，其扩散传质流大小不仅与外场参量梯度大小及化学势梯度大小有关，还与它们的方向配合有关，即与外场同化学势场的配合有关，当外场梯度与化学势场梯度方向一致时，扩散传质流最大．     

管内湍流传质（火用）损机理分析

根据常温下充分发展湍流传递方程组 ,研究了壁面常质量流管内湍流传质损的机理 ,计算了由于粘性耗散、径向和轴向传质不可逆性引起的损率随流体的性质、雷诺数、边界条件数及空间位置的变化规律 .对单位长度总损率的计算表明 ,对给定的流体 ,单位长度总损率是传质单元几何参数、边界条件和雷诺数的多元函数 ,由此可通过损率最小化设计和优化传质过程与单元