甲状腺冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色效果比较

目的通过对甲状腺冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色效果进行对照观察．发现冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块对免疫组织化学染包效果的差异，为选择冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块做免疫组织化学提供理论实践依据。方法3冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块分别切片用EnVision法做TTF-1，CK19，Gal—3，HBME—1．TPO,TG免疫组织化学染色。结果对TTF—1．CK19．Gal-3，HBME-1，TPO，TG免疫组织化学染色结果的背景．定位进行分析．冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色各项指标阳性率完全一致。结论冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块分别做免疫组织化学染色结果无明显差别．在没有冰剩蜡块或冰剩蜡块不符合要求时选择冰对蜡块做免坡组化．结果对诊断无影响。     

PBL教学法在分子生物学实验教学中的应用

文章采用问卷调查和考核方式评价了PBL在分子生物学实验课中应用的效果，结果得出：80％-100％的学生认为PBL教学强化了学生自主学习、交往和团队合作等各种能力，86％的学生认为PBL教学模式应该推广。实验考核的结果显示PBL教学组成绩显著优于对照组（p〈0．05），PBL教学效果好于传统教学。     

一种动态校正的AGMM-GPR多模型软测量建模方法

工业过程常常是强非线性的,并有多个工况,传统的软测量方法存在预测能力差,不能有效利用误差信息等缺点.为了有效解决这些问题,提出一种基于自适应高斯混合模型-高斯过程回归(AGMM-GPR)的多模型动态校正软测量建模方法.首先,通过贝叶斯信息准则构建自适应高斯混合模型(AGMM),得到优化的子模型个数;然后,利用GPR方法建立各局部模型,当新的数据到来时,将其隶属于各局部模型的后验概率和预测值融合得到多模型输出;最后,为了进一步提高模型的精度,构建自回归积分滑动平均(ARIMA)模型对多模型输出进行动态反馈校正.通过数值仿真和硫回收装置(SRU)中H2S浓度的估计,验证了所提方法具有良好的预测精度和泛化性能.     

Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry

Chirality is a fascinating phenomenon that can manifest itself in subtle ways, for example in biochemistry (in the observed single-handedness of biomolecules) and in particle physics (in the charge-parity violation of electroweak interactions). In condensed matter, magnetic materials can also display single-handed, or homochiral, spin structures. This may be caused by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, which arises from spin-orbit scattering of electrons in an inversion-asymmetric crystal field. This effect is typically irrelevant in bulk metals as their crystals are inversion symmetric. However, low-dimensional systems lack structural inversion symmetry, so that homochiral spin structures may occur. Here we report the observation of magnetic order of a specific chirality in a single atomic layer of manganese on a tungsten (110) substrate. Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals that adjacent spins are not perfectly antiferromagnetic but slightly canted, resulting in a spin spiral structure with a period of about 12 nm. We show by quantitative theory that this chiral order is caused by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and leads to a left-rotating spin cycloid. Our findings confirm the significance of this interaction for magnets in reduced dimensions. Chirality in nanoscale magnets may play a crucial role in spintronic devices, where the spin rather than the charge of an electron is used for data transmission and manipulation. For instance, a spin-polarized current flowing through chiral magnetic structures will exert a spin-torque on the magnetic structure, causing a variety of excitations or manipulations of the magnetization and giving rise to microwave emission, magnetization switching, or magnetic motors.     

Discovery of 40Mg and 42Al suggests neutron drip-line slant towards heavier isotopes

A fundamental question in nuclear physics is what combinations of neutrons and protons can make up a nucleus. Many hundreds of exotic neutron-rich isotopes have never been observed; the limit of how many neutrons a given number of protons can bind is unknown for all but the lightest elements, owing to the delicate interplay between single particle and collective quantum effects in the nucleus. This limit, known as the neutron drip line, provides a benchmark for models of the atomic nucleus. Here we report a significant advance in the determination of this limit: the discovery of two new neutron-rich isotopes--40Mg and 42Al--that are predicted to be drip-line nuclei. In the past, several attempts to observe 40Mg were unsuccessful; moreover, the observation of 42Al provides an experimental indication that the neutron drip line may be located further towards heavier isotopes in this mass region than is currently believed. In stable nuclei, attractive pairing forces enhance the stability of isotopes with even numbers of protons and neutrons. In contrast, the present work shows that nuclei at the drip line gain stability from an unpaired proton, which narrows the shell gaps and provides the opportunity to bind many more neutrons.     

Female mate-choice drives the evolution of male-biased dispersal in a social mammal

Dispersal has a significant impact on lifetime reproductive success, and is often more prevalent in one sex than the other. In group-living mammals, dispersal is normally male-biased and in theory this sexual bias could be a response by males to female mate preferences, competition for access to females or resources, or the result of males avoiding inbreeding. There is a lack of studies on social mammals that simultaneously assess these factors and measure the fitness consequences of male dispersal decisions. Here we show that male-biased dispersal in the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) most probably results from an adaptive response by males to simple female mate-choice rules that have evolved to avoid inbreeding. Microsatellite profiling revealed that females preferred sires that were born into or immigrated into the female's group after the female was born. Furthermore, young females preferred short-tenured sires and older females preferred longer-tenured sires. Males responded to these female mate preferences by initiating their reproductive careers in groups containing the highest number of young females. As a consequence, 11% of males started their reproductive career in their natal group and 89% of males dispersed. Males that started reproduction in groups containing the highest number of young females had a higher long-term reproductive success than males that did not. The female mate-choice rules ensured that females effectively avoided inbreeding without the need to discriminate directly against close kin or males born in their own group, or to favour immigrant males. The extent of male dispersal as a response to such female mate preferences depends on the demographic structure of breeding groups, rather than the genetic relatedness between females and males.