Morphological,biochemical and molecular changes during ectomycorrhiza development

Summary An ectomycorrhiza, a specialized root organ, is the result of a complex interaction leading to a finely-tuned symbiosis between a plant and a compatible ectomycorrhizal fungus. Ultrastructural observations combined with cytochemical and biochemical studies reveal that structural and metabolic changes in the symbiont cells lead to the final phenotype of the active ectomycorrhiza. In the present review these changes are interpreted as changes in gene expression and discussed within the context of ectomycorrhiza development. Recent genetic data indicate that the continued vegetative growth of the ectomycorrhizal hyphae and the root tissues, and their ability to switch to symbiotic organ formation, is basically controlled by developmentally critical genes. The activity of these symbiotic genes during the differentiation of ectomycorrhizas is associated with extensive changes in the concentration of particular polypeptides and protein biosynthesis. The present state of knowledge about the developmental biology of ectomycorrhizas allows only speculation about the events during their development.Puisant mes forces aux sources des galaxies En buvant la sève des arbres M. Jonasz     

“回避行为”初探

心理语言学日新月异的发展推动着“错误分析”理论由外显的,线性平面上的干扰研究发展到内在的,深层的非直接性干扰研究。根据这种发展动态,本文对“回避行为”的假设先决条件与思想动因作了较为深刻的探讨与剖析。     

灌注桩超声脉冲检测法和判据的研究

本文论述了钴孔灌注桩超声脉中检测法的原理、仪器和方法.分析了当超声脉冲穿过缺陷区时其传播时间、幅值(或衰减)以及接收信号波形所呈现的变化.提出了基于"声时—深度"曲线的缺陷定量判据.即声时差值与斜率乘积判据.该判据能估算缺陷的性质和大小.而且,若将该判据与"幅值—深度"曲线综合运用,则可提高检测和判断结果的精度.     

Effect of feeding cereal-legume diets to rats on in vitro absorption of45Ca

Summary The in vitro absorption of calcium from the duodenum was significantly less in a group of rats fed on a wheat diet than in a group fed a wheat and Bengal gram (7030) diet.     

Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin,with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings,fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).     

用于焊缝跟踪的调制式红外光学传感器

叙述了一种以脉冲调制的红外光束为信号光源的焊缝跟踪传感器。通过对接 收信号的滤波及“自适应消噪”处理,可以有效地克服电弧光的干扰;利用光源的脉冲 驱动特性,加大了瞬时信号功率,改善了光学传感器对工件表面的适应性。传感器结构简 单、体积小、灵敏度高、能同时实现对焊缝在水平及高度两个方向的自动跟踪在埋弧 及明弧自动焊中均能准确地跟踪。     

Amino-acid synthesis in carbonaceous meteorites by aqueous alteration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

It has been suggested that amino acids and other organic compounds found in carbonaceous meteorites formed by aqueous alteration in the meteorite parent bodies. Observations of carbonaceous material in interstellar grains and interplanetary dust particles indicate that condensed organic compounds may have been present in meteorite parent bodies at the time of aqueous alteration. One group of compounds thought to be representative of this carbonaceous material is the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Recently it was proposed that PAHs condense on SiC grains in the molecular envelopes of carbon-rich red-giant stars, which would allow for their subsequent incorporation into meteorite parent bodies during accretion. This incorporation mechanism is supported by the identification of SiC grains in carbonaceous chondrites. The possibility therefore exists that PAHs, and/or other condensed organic compounds, represent the starting material for aqueous alteration which leads to the formation of amino acids and other water-soluble organic compounds. Here we present calculations of the distribution of aqueous organic compounds in metastable equilibrium with representative PAHs as functions of the fugacities of O2, CO2 and NH3. The results reported here for pyrene and fluoranthene, two PAHs with different structures but the same stoichiometry, differ greatly but indicate that the formation of amino and carboxylic acids is energetically favourable at probable parent-body alteration conditions. The actual reaction mechanisms involved could be revealed by consideration of isotope data for PAHs, amino acids, other organic compounds and carbonates in carbonaceous chondrites.     

液相浸渗中纤维非润湿性的处理

纤维与金属液的非润湿性是液相浸渗制造纤维增强金属基复合材料的主要障碍之一。实验发现纤维的非润湿性使其在自然排布时的浸渗缺陷必须存在。通过提高液相浸渗压力可以改善复合材料的浸渗效果,但仍有细小的浸渗缺陷必然存在。通过提高液相浸渗压力可以改善复合材料的浸渗效果,但仍有细小的浸渗缺陷无法消除,采用颗粒与纤维的混杂使纤维丝相互分离,消除了充填“死角”而使纤维束内完整充填并且均匀分布,提高浸渗压力和混杂预制     

钼对低合金钢硝酸盐体系应力腐蚀的影响

以高风温热风炉用钢的沿晶应力腐蚀开裂问题为背景,研究了Ｍｏ对低合金钢在硝酸盐溶液中的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明,低合金钢中加入合金元素将使钢中贝氏体和／或珠光体含量增大,从而提高了材料的稳定性和抗ＳＣＣ耐蚀性。提出了低合金钢／硝酸盐溶液体系的“温度－钼含量－ＳＣＣ图”。