潍坊市水资源质量的现状及对策

为确定工业化和农村产业化给区域水资源带来的影响,本文利用潍坊市水利部门对区域内主要河流、水库的水资源指标监测数据,对照<地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)>,采用科学方法对潍坊地区水资源进行了评价.结果表明,潍坊市水库水质保持较好,污染较差,但大部分河流由于受到工业污水和农村面源污染的影响,污染较为严重,出台措施协调环境和区域经济的发展关系刻不容缓.     

Molecular regulation of sexual preference revealed by genetic studies of 5-HT in the brains of male mice

Although the question of to whom a male directs his mating attempts is a critical one in social interactions, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling mammalian sexual preference. Here we report that the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is required for male sexual preference. Wild-type male mice preferred females over males, but males lacking central serotonergic neurons lost sexual preference although they were not generally defective in olfaction or in pheromone sensing. A role for 5-HT was demonstrated by the phenotype of mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), which is required for the first step of 5-HT synthesis in the brain. Thirty-five minutes after the injection of the intermediate 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which circumvented Tph2 to restore 5-HT to the wild-type level, adult Tph2 knockout mice also preferred females over males. These results indicate that 5-HT and serotonergic neurons in the adult brain regulate mammalian sexual preference.     

Molecular organization of vomeronasal chemoreception

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) has a key role in mediating the social and defensive responses of many terrestrial vertebrates to species- and sex-specific chemosignals. More than 250 putative pheromone receptors have been identified in the mouse VNO, but the nature of the signals detected by individual VNO receptors has not yet been elucidated. To gain insight into the molecular logic of VNO detection leading to mating, aggression or defensive responses, we sought to uncover the response profiles of individual vomeronasal receptors to a wide range of animal cues. Here we describe the repertoire of behaviourally and physiologically relevant stimuli detected by a large number of individual vomeronasal receptors in mice, and define a global map of vomeronasal signal detection. We demonstrate that the two classes (V1R and V2R) of vomeronasal receptors use fundamentally different strategies to encode chemosensory information, and that distinct receptor subfamilies have evolved towards the specific recognition of certain animal groups or chemical structures. The association of large subsets of vomeronasal receptors with cognate, ethologically and physiologically relevant stimuli establishes the molecular foundation of vomeronasal information coding, and opens new avenues for further investigating the neural mechanisms underlying behaviour specificity.     

半导体量子点Rabi振荡品质因子及其退相干机制

采用光致发光方法和纳米光谱成像技术,研究了单个半导体量子点中激发态激子的Rabi振荡。观测了在两个延时位相可控的!/2脉冲激发下,激发态激子数随其量子比特位相旋转而振荡的特性。由实验观测结果分析得知此单个半导体量子点量子比特的自由旋转品质因子约为9.8×104,动力旋转品质因子约为18。讨论了激子从浸润层到量子点的俘获过程对Rabi振荡衰减退相干的影响。简要分析了量子点的激子自旋操控和单光子发射统计特性。     

叶片式混输泵气液两相流及性能的数值分析

利用Fluent计算软件在多重参考坐标系下采用欧拉方法的双流体湍流模型计算螺旋轴流式叶片泵内高含气状态下的三维气液两相流场.通过对泵内绝对流速、叶轮相对流速、静态压力、气液两相分布及其相间滑移速度矢量的分析,探讨了气液两相介质在泵内的流动规律.结果显示离心力的作用使叶轮内液相主要在轮缘附近流动,而气相则聚集在轮毂附近;泵导叶内气液两相分离状况有较明显改善.通过与泵性能实验结果对比,验证了文中方法对气液两相叶片式混输泵计算分析的有效性.     

中国农产品质量安全市场准入的内涵和阶段性发展分析

对农产品质量安全市场准入及相关概念进行了归纳和界定,分析了农产品市场准入规制的产生与阶段性发展规律,将中国农产品质量安全市场准入分为数量管理阶段、产品结构调整阶段、安全水平提升阶段和质量安全依法监管阶段4个阶段。对农产品市场准入和加工食品市场准入制度进行了对比分析,并对各地先期开展的农产品质量安全市场准入进行了归纳,为我国农产品质量安全市场准入机制的建立提出了建议。图2,表2,参8。     

机动运动辐射源的单站无源定位自适应算法

利用目标到达角(DOA)和到达时间(TOA)作为测量数据,采用最优加权最小二乘估计和基于机动加速度的非零均值时间相关模型的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,通过加速度方差对滤波增益的修正,完成机动加速度方差自适应算法,实现了对机动目标进行单站无源定位与跟踪的方法.计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性和可行性,证明该方法在无源定位系统中有一定的参考价值.     

基于模型的多目标优化问题方法研究

基于模型的多目标优化方法目的是创新一种通过黑箱评估的多目标函数优化算法,该算法从解空间上的混合分布中迭代生成候选解,并根据采样解的控制数来更新混合分布,求解过程的搜索偏向于Pareto最优解的集合。算法在解空间上寻找混合分布,使得混合分布的每个分量都是以帕累托最优解为中心的简并分布,并且每个预计的Pareto最优解都通过一个阈值距离均匀地分布在Pareto最优解集上,实验通过几个基准函数和方法证明了该算法的性能。     

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

A high-density haplotype map recently enabled a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of indica subspecies of Chinese rice landraces. Here we extend this methodology to a larger and more diverse sample of 950 worldwide rice varieties, including the Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica subspecies, to perform an additional GWAS. We identified a total of 32 new loci associated with flowering time and with ten grain-related traits, indicating that the larger sample increased the power to detect trait-associated variants using GWAS. To characterize various alleles and complex genetic variation, we developed an analytical framework for haplotype-based de novo assembly of the low-coverage sequencing data in rice. We identified candidate genes for 18 associated loci through detailed annotation. This study shows that the integrated approach of sequence-based GWAS and functional genome annotation has the potential to match complex traits to their causal polymorphisms in rice.