RF channel performance assessment for a multiple carrier millimeter-wave communication system

Channel capacity, system versatility and ease of maintenance are factors of prime concern in future generations of wireless communication systems. As a result, millimeter-wave can offer considerable advantages in providing broadband interface. Nonlinearity and noise effects, including parametric fluctuations, are two significant causes for signal degradation in broadband communication systems. Two methods to assess the performance of an RF channel in a multi-carrier system are described. By measuring the forward transfer function from transmitter IF to receiver IF as the frequency is swept across the channel bandwidth, characteristics such as gain flatness, channel dispersion, and saturation effects are revealed. To evaluate the ability of the communication link in preserving the synchronization between two carriers, their heterodyned spectrum at the receiver IF output is studied. Both measurement methods employ standard equipment and have been found to be effective when applied to a multi-carrier millimeter-wave system with over 1 GHz instantaneous bandwidth.     

音乐的结构及其数字人类学根据

音乐作为一种纯粹的文化制度,有其固有的结构和强加的结构。音乐结构原理的应用有力地说明,音乐有其明确规定的数字人类学根据。     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

Disruption of calcitonin gene-related peptide signaling accelerates muscle denervation and dampens cytotoxic neuroinflammation in SOD1 mutant mice

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease. Neuronal vacuolization and glial activation are pathologic hallmarks in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mouse model of ALS. Previously, we found the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) associated with vacuolization and astrogliosis in the spinal cord of these mice. We now show that CGRP abundance positively correlated with the severity of astrogliosis, but not vacuolization, in several motor and non-motor areas throughout the brain. SOD1 mice harboring a genetic depletion of the βCGRP isoform showed reduced CGRP immunoreactivity associated with vacuolization, while motor functions, body weight, survival, and astrogliosis were not altered. When CGRP signaling was completely disrupted through genetic depletion of the CGRP receptor component, receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), hind limb muscle denervation, and loss of muscle performance were accelerated, while body weight and survival were not affected. Dampened neuroinflammation, i.e., reduced levels of astrogliosis in the brain stem already in the pre-symptomatic disease stage, and reduced microgliosis and lymphocyte infiltrations during the late disease phase were additional neuropathology features in these mice. On the molecular level, mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) were elevated, while those of several pro-inflammatory cytokines found reduced in the brain stem of RAMP1-deficient SOD1 mice at disease end stage. Our results thus identify an important, possibly dual role of CGRP in ALS pathogenesis.     

箱型截面的齐次广义屈服函数与结构极限承载力

针对目前箱型截面广义屈服函数为非齐次函数,采用弹性模量调整法求解箱型结构极限承载力时易出现计算结果受荷载初始值影响和计算精度受损的问题,建立了箱型截面的齐次广义屈服函数,并通过误差分析确定了齐次多项式的阶次,进而定义了箱型截面构件的单元承载比、承载比均匀度和基准承载比,建立了以单元承载比为基本参数的弹性模量调整策略,据此提出了箱形结构极限承载力分析的弹性模量缩减法;并通过算例对该方法进行验证,算例分析表明,该方法计算箱型截面结构极限承载力时,结果不受荷载初始值的影响,具有良好的计算精度和迭代稳定性.     

Single cell biology beyond the era of antibodies: relevance,challenges, and promises in biomedical research

Research of the past two decades has proved the relevance of single cell biology in basic research and translational medicine. Successful detection and isolation of specific subsets is the key to understand their functional heterogeneity. Antibodies are conventionally used for this purpose, but their relevance in certain contexts is limited. In this review, we discuss some of these contexts, posing bottle neck for different fields of biology including biomedical research. With the advancement of chemistry, several methods have been introduced to overcome these problems. Even though microfluidics and microraft array are newer techniques exploited for single cell biology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) remains the gold standard technique for isolation of cells for many biomedical applications, like stem cell therapy. Here, we present a comprehensive and comparative account of some of the probes that are useful in FACS. Further, we illustrate how these techniques could be applied in biomedical research. It is postulated that intracellular molecular markers like nucleostemin (GNL3), alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and HIRA can be used for improving the outcome of cardiac as well as bone regeneration. Another field that could utilize intracellular markers is diagnostics, and we propose the use of specific peptide nucleic acid probes (PNPs) against certain miRNAs for cancer surgical margin prediction. The newer techniques for single cell biology, based on intracellular molecules, will immensely enhance the repertoire of possible markers for the isolation of cell types useful in biomedical research.     

复合型土壤营养调理剂改良吉林省西部风砂土的试验研究

通过两年的盆栽试验,考察了8种风砂土营养调理剂对白菜生长的影响.结果表明,与单施无机化肥相比,同时施用无机化肥与泥炭或腐泥或其混合物或腐植酸液体肥,白菜的生长高度、最大叶宽、鲜重和干重都得到了提高;单施无机化肥或共同施用无机化肥和腐植酸液体肥对当年白菜生长效果显著,第二年白菜生长明显下降;用泥炭、腐泥或其混合物改良风砂土后,再施用无机化肥,不仅当年作物生长好于单施无机化肥的,而且具有后效性.由此可见,有机物料泥炭、腐泥与无机化肥等制成的有机无机复合型土壤营养调理剂,具有改良土壤结构、提供营养,兼有长效与短效双重功能,是风砂土改良的最佳选择.