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111.
提出了可变频时钟写入方法和锁相环倍频时钟写入方法,给出了这两种写入法的读/写电路,并分析了其性能。结果证明,可变频时钟写入方法电路简单,刻写时钟周期短;锁相环倍频时钟写入过程较前者长,但其频率范围容易调整。两者均适合高密度小型温盘的时钟录写。 相似文献
112.
肖人彬 《华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(12)
阐述了人的建模思维机制。引入等价关系和划分作为问题粒度研究的基础,定义了逆商集,使之与商集一起,构成了对问题不同粒度的完整描述,并讨论了粒度的性质,借助拓扑分析,给出了问题可分解、可细化和粗化、细化等一系列定义,在问题簇和模型簇概念的基础上,提出了嵌套式建模(支持)作为面向复杂系统的建模支持方法论,具体给出了其实施步骤,这是一个人机交互的启发式过程,将嵌套式建模与传统式建模作了比较,此外还作了若干说明。 相似文献
113.
Direct detection of more than 50% of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations by field inversion gels 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder affecting about 1 in 3,500 males. It is allelic with the milder Becker muscular dystrophy. The biochemical basis for both diseases is unknown and no effective treatment is available. Long-range physical mapping has shown that the DMD gene, localized in Xp21, is extremely large, exceeding 2 million base pairs. Until now, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis has involved the use of linked restriction fragment length polymorphism markers which detect muscular dystrophy-associated deletions in about 10% of the cases. Field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) allows the detection of structural rearrangements in 21 out of 39 of the DMD patients studied (54%), of which 14 (65%) were not detected by conventional methods. Large deletions seem to make up a much higher fraction of the DMD mutations than so far indicated by other methods. A region prone to deletion was located in the distal half of the gene. FIGE analysis could provide a valuable extension of information for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. The technique should be generally applicable to the study of diseases involving structural chromosomal rearrangements. 相似文献
114.
基于换热过程中的损失率能定量地反映该过程中流体的传热与流动的综合性能这一特性,借助换热过程的损失率方程,分析比较了几种流体工质在不同换热方式下的综合特性。比较结果表明,液体(如水)有远优于气体(如空气)的流动与传热的综合性能,且随着流体温度的升高其优势更为明显。同时表明分析法在定量评价换热工质性能的突出特点及工程上的应用价值。 相似文献
115.
采用球面刀在三坐标数控机床上加工具有凸曲面工位的零部件时,往往会导致几何形状误差,对此,运用点涉法原理,推导出在凸曲面上确定平头立铣刀五轴和三轴数控联动加工刀位轨迹的计算方法。 相似文献
116.
Lili Tian Jiyang Wang Jingqian Wei Henfu Pan Qingcai Guan Xiaobo Hu Yaogang Liu C. Q. Wang Y. T. Chow 《科学通报(英文版)》1998,43(23):1973-1973
The optical properties of Nd x Gd 1-x Al\-3(BO\-3)\-4 (NGAB) crystal are reported. The refractive index of it were mesured by V_prism method. The absorption spectra and the flourescence specra of NGAB were also obtained. The optical parameters of NGAB were calculated following J_O theory, the three optical parameters are Ω 2 =1 805×10 -20 , Ω 4=1 85×10 -20 , Ω 6=3 793×10 -20 (RMS=1 4×10 -7 ) and β c( 4F 3/2 → 4I 11/2 ) is about 0 53. 相似文献
117.
Genetic evidence against panmixia in the European eel 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
The panmixia hypothesis--that all European eel (Anguilla anguilla) migrate to the Sargasso Sea for reproduction and comprise a single, randomly mating population--is widely accepted. If true, then this peculiar life history strategy would directly impact the population genetics of this species, and eels from European and north African rivers should belong to the same breeding population through the random dispersal of larvae. To date, the panmixia hypothesis has remained unchallenged: genetic studies realized on eel's mitochondrial DNA failed to detect any genetic structure; and a similar lack of structure was found using allozymes, with the exception of clinal variation imposed by selection. Here we have used highly polymorphic genetic markers that provide better resolution to investigate genetic structure in European eel. Analysis of seven microsatellite loci among 13 samples from the north Atlantic, the Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea basins reveals that there is global genetic differentiation. Moreover, pairwise Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards chord distances correlate significantly with coastal geographical distance. This pattern of genetic structure implies non-random mating and restricted gene flow among eels from different sampled locations, which therefore refute the hypothesis of panmixia. Consequently, the reproductive biology of European eel must be reconsidered. 相似文献
118.
Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells 总被引:102,自引:0,他引:102
R L Williams D J Hilton S Pease T A Willson C L Stewart D P Gearing E F Wagner D Metcalf N A Nicola N M Gough 《Nature》1988,336(6200):684-687
Embryonic stem (ES) cells, the totipotent outgrowths of blastocysts, can be cultured and manipulated in vitro and then returned to the embryonic environment where they develop normally and can contribute to all cell lineages. Maintenance of the stem-cell phenotype in vitro requires the presence of a feeder layer of fibroblasts or of a soluble factor, differentiation inhibitory activity (DIA) produced by a number of sources; in the absence of DIA the ES cells differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. We recently noted several similarities between partially purified DIA and a haemopoietic regulator, myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a molecule which induces differentiation in M1 myeloid leukaemic cells and which we have recently purified, cloned and characterized. We demonstrate here that purified, recombinant LIF can substitute for DIA in the maintenance of totipotent ES cell lines that retain the potential to form chimaeric mice. 相似文献
119.
Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. 总被引:312,自引:0,他引:312
Stem cell biology has come of age. Unequivocal proof that stem cells exist in the haematopoietic system has given way to the prospective isolation of several tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, the initial delineation of their properties and expressed genetic programmes, and the beginnings of their utility in regenerative medicine. Perhaps the most important and useful property of stem cells is that of self-renewal. Through this property, striking parallels can be found between stem cells and cancer cells: tumours may often originate from the transformation of normal stem cells, similar signalling pathways may regulate self-renewal in stem cells and cancer cells, and cancer cells may include 'cancer stem cells' - rare cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal that drive tumorigenesis. 相似文献
120.
Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Behrenfeld MJ O'Malley RT Siegel DA McClain CR Sarmiento JL Feldman GC Milligan AJ Falkowski PG Letelier RM Boss ES 《Nature》2006,444(7120):752-755
Contributing roughly half of the biosphere's net primary production (NPP), photosynthesis by oceanic phytoplankton is a vital link in the cycling of carbon between living and inorganic stocks. Each day, more than a hundred million tons of carbon in the form of CO2 are fixed into organic material by these ubiquitous, microscopic plants of the upper ocean, and each day a similar amount of organic carbon is transferred into marine ecosystems by sinking and grazing. The distribution of phytoplankton biomass and NPP is defined by the availability of light and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphate, iron). These growth-limiting factors are in turn regulated by physical processes of ocean circulation, mixed-layer dynamics, upwelling, atmospheric dust deposition, and the solar cycle. Satellite measurements of ocean colour provide a means of quantifying ocean productivity on a global scale and linking its variability to environmental factors. Here we describe global ocean NPP changes detected from space over the past decade. The period is dominated by an initial increase in NPP of 1,930 teragrams of carbon a year (Tg C yr(-1)), followed by a prolonged decrease averaging 190 Tg C yr(-1). These trends are driven by changes occurring in the expansive stratified low-latitude oceans and are tightly coupled to coincident climate variability. This link between the physical environment and ocean biology functions through changes in upper-ocean temperature and stratification, which influence the availability of nutrients for phytoplankton growth. The observed reductions in ocean productivity during the recent post-1999 warming period provide insight on how future climate change can alter marine food webs. 相似文献