国际关系理论方法论建构

国际关系理论方法论建构应以马克思主义为指导,学习和借鉴其它学派的方法,并做到研究方法的多样性和研究手段的现代化.     

对外汉语教学主体的思维定势

要充分把握主体在客体将知识转化为语言技能的现实化过程中的关键性作用， 注重自己多方面知识的培养。在教学过程中既要具备抽象思维和形象思维的能力， 还要具备灵感思维和直觉思维的能力。     

信息生物学技术在人神经元蛋白17.3(NP17.3)结构和功能研究中的应用

本文利用信息生物学技术,对新近克隆的人神经元蛋白基因(np17.3)所编码的人神经元蛋白NP17.3的一、二级结构特点及其理化特性进行分析,同时就其空间三维构象进行了模拟,为研究其在活体内的功能提供了理论指导。     

A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing

The 1000 Genomes Project aims to provide a deep characterization of human genome sequence variation as a foundation for investigating the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Here we present results of the pilot phase of the project, designed to develop and compare different strategies for genome-wide sequencing with high-throughput platforms. We undertook three projects: low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 179 individuals from four populations; high-coverage sequencing of two mother-father-child trios; and exon-targeted sequencing of 697 individuals from seven populations. We describe the location, allele frequency and local haplotype structure of approximately 15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million short insertions and deletions, and 20,000 structural variants, most of which were previously undescribed. We show that, because we have catalogued the vast majority of common variation, over 95% of the currently accessible variants found in any individual are present in this data set. On average, each person is found to carry approximately 250 to 300 loss-of-function variants in annotated genes and 50 to 100 variants previously implicated in inherited disorders. We demonstrate how these results can be used to inform association and functional studies. From the two trios, we directly estimate the rate of de novo germline base substitution mutations to be approximately 10(-8) per base pair per generation. We explore the data with regard to signatures of natural selection, and identify a marked reduction of genetic variation in the neighbourhood of genes, due to selection at linked sites. These methods and public data will support the next phase of human genetic research.     

Mutation of TBCE causes hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism and autosomal recessive Kenny-Caffey syndrome

The syndrome of congenital hypoparathyroidism, mental retardation, facial dysmorphism and extreme growth failure (HRD or Sanjad-Sakati syndrome; OMIM 241410) is an autosomal recessive disorder reported almost exclusively in Middle Eastern populations. A similar syndrome with the additional features of osteosclerosis and recurrent bacterial infections has been classified as autosomal recessive Kenny-Caffey syndrome (AR-KCS; OMIM 244460). Both traits have previously been mapped to chromosome 1q43-44 (refs 5,6) and, despite the observed clinical variability, share an ancestral haplotype, suggesting a common founder mutation. We describe refinement of the critical region to an interval of roughly 230 kb and identification of deletion and truncation mutations of TBCE in affected individuals. The gene TBCE encodes one of several chaperone proteins required for the proper folding of alpha-tubulin subunits and the formation of alpha-beta-tubulin heterodimers. Analysis of diseased fibroblasts and lymphoblastoid cells showed lower microtubule density at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and perturbed microtubule polarity in diseased cells. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies showed disturbances in subcellular organelles that require microtubules for membrane trafficking, such as the Golgi and late endosomal compartments. These findings demonstrate that HRD and AR-KCS are chaperone diseases caused by a genetic defect in the tubulin assembly pathway, and establish a potential connection between tubulin physiology and the development of the parathyroid.     

Mutations of the X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 are associated with autism

Many studies have supported a genetic etiology for autism. Here we report mutations in two X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 in siblings with autism-spectrum disorders. These mutations affect cell-adhesion molecules localized at the synapse and suggest that a defect of synaptogenesis may predispose to autism.     

《离骚》意境论——体验批评的一个尝试

《离骚》达到“化境”:主体、客体和艺术形式三者水乳交融,最能传达屈原的真体验;《离骚》的“香草美人”意象并非简单的象征,“香草美人”和其它意象构成意境,传达出正在出演悲剧的大志士的真体验;《离骚》役使神祇灵物的幻想,并非由“浪漫主义手法”炮制,而正是屈原真体验的本身。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系油气成藏模式

 塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系油气显示丰富,成藏条件复杂,研究其油气成藏模式对推动塔中油气勘探有重大现实意义.本文主要对志留系沥青砂和可动油气的分布特征及成因机制进行分析,总结其成藏模式.研究结果表明:塔中地区志留系可动油气主要来自寒武系和奥陶系的混源,可动油气主要存在晚海西期和喜山期两期成藏,运移以垂向运移为主,侧向有限运移;塔中地区志留系沥青砂岩主要来源于寒武—下奥陶统烃源岩,沥青砂岩为油气边运移边破坏的产物;塔中志留系油气为两期成藏、两期改造的多点垂向输导,有限侧向输导成藏演化模式.     

汉语句法网络的中心节点研究

以两种语体的汉语依存句法树库为基础, 根据词频及分布率统计结果, 选取3 个汉语虚词作为研究对象. 对提取的3 个虚词节点进行了节点度数、点出度、点入度、接近性、内接近性、外接近性、中间度等网络特征的统计, 并将这3 个节点从网络中移除, 对比分析网络前后的节点数、平均度、平均路径长度、网络直径、孤立节点数、最大范围、密度等网络特征的变化. 结果表明, 3 个虚词均是网络的中心节点, 但地位各有不同, 它们对网络整体结构的影响也有较大区别. 本研究不仅为汉语虚词的研究提供了新方法, 也为复杂网络中的节点特性研究提供了新的思路.