甲状腺冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色效果比较

目的通过对甲状腺冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色效果进行对照观察．发现冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块对免疫组织化学染包效果的差异，为选择冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块做免疫组织化学提供理论实践依据。方法3冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块分别切片用EnVision法做TTF-1，CK19，Gal—3，HBME—1．TPO,TG免疫组织化学染色。结果对TTF—1．CK19．Gal-3，HBME-1，TPO，TG免疫组织化学染色结果的背景．定位进行分析．冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块免疫组织化学染色各项指标阳性率完全一致。结论冰对蜡块与冰剩蜡块分别做免疫组织化学染色结果无明显差别．在没有冰剩蜡块或冰剩蜡块不符合要求时选择冰对蜡块做免坡组化．结果对诊断无影响。     

PBL教学法在分子生物学实验教学中的应用

文章采用问卷调查和考核方式评价了PBL在分子生物学实验课中应用的效果，结果得出：80％-100％的学生认为PBL教学强化了学生自主学习、交往和团队合作等各种能力，86％的学生认为PBL教学模式应该推广。实验考核的结果显示PBL教学组成绩显著优于对照组（p〈0．05），PBL教学效果好于传统教学。     

一种动态校正的AGMM-GPR多模型软测量建模方法

工业过程常常是强非线性的,并有多个工况,传统的软测量方法存在预测能力差,不能有效利用误差信息等缺点.为了有效解决这些问题,提出一种基于自适应高斯混合模型-高斯过程回归(AGMM-GPR)的多模型动态校正软测量建模方法.首先,通过贝叶斯信息准则构建自适应高斯混合模型(AGMM),得到优化的子模型个数;然后,利用GPR方法建立各局部模型,当新的数据到来时,将其隶属于各局部模型的后验概率和预测值融合得到多模型输出;最后,为了进一步提高模型的精度,构建自回归积分滑动平均(ARIMA)模型对多模型输出进行动态反馈校正.通过数值仿真和硫回收装置(SRU)中H2S浓度的估计,验证了所提方法具有良好的预测精度和泛化性能.     

Expanding the diversity of chemical protein modification allows post-translational mimicry

One of the most important current scientific paradoxes is the economy with which nature uses genes. In all higher animals studied, we have found many fewer genes than we would have previously expected. The functional outputs of the eventual products of genes seem to be far more complex than the more restricted blueprint. In higher organisms, the functions of many proteins are modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). These alterations of amino-acid side chains lead to higher structural and functional protein diversity and are, therefore, a leading contender for an explanation for this seeming incongruity. Natural protein production methods typically produce PTM mixtures within which function is difficult to dissect or control. Until now it has not been possible to access pure mimics of complex PTMs. Here we report a chemical tagging approach that enables the attachment of multiple modifications to bacterially expressed (bare) protein scaffolds: this approach allows reconstitution of functionally effective mimics of higher organism PTMs. By attaching appropriate modifications at suitable distances in the widely-used LacZ reporter enzyme scaffold, we created protein probes that included sensitive systems for detection of mammalian brain inflammation and disease. Through target synthesis of the desired modification, chemistry provides a structural precision and an ability to retool with a chosen PTM in a manner not available to other approaches. In this way, combining chemical control of PTM with readily available protein scaffolds provides a systematic platform for creating probes of protein-PTM interactions. We therefore anticipate that this ability to build model systems will allow some of this gene product complexity to be dissected, with the aim of eventually being able to completely duplicate the patterns of a particular protein's PTMs from an in vivo assay into an in vitro system.     

South-polar features on Venus similar to those near the north pole

Venus has no seasons, slow rotation and a very massive atmosphere, which is mainly carbon dioxide with clouds primarily of sulphuric acid droplets. Infrared observations by previous missions to Venus revealed a bright 'dipole' feature surrounded by a cold 'collar' at its north pole. The polar dipole is a 'double-eye' feature at the centre of a vast vortex that rotates around the pole, and is possibly associated with rapid downwelling. The polar cold collar is a wide, shallow river of cold air that circulates around the polar vortex. One outstanding question has been whether the global circulation was symmetric, such that a dipole feature existed at the south pole. Here we report observations of Venus' south-polar region, where we have seen clouds with morphology much like those around the north pole, but rotating somewhat faster than the northern dipole. The vortex may extend down to the lower cloud layers that lie at about 50 km height and perhaps deeper. The spectroscopic properties of the clouds around the south pole are compatible with a sulphuric acid composition.     

Enzymatic capture of an extrahelical thymine in the search for uracil in DNA

The enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) excises unwanted uracil bases in the genome using an extrahelical base recognition mechanism. Efficient removal of uracil is essential for prevention of C-to-T transition mutations arising from cytosine deamination, cytotoxic U*A pairs arising from incorporation of dUTP in DNA, and for increasing immunoglobulin gene diversity during the acquired immune response. A central event in all of these UNG-mediated processes is the singling out of rare U*A or U*G base pairs in a background of approximately 10(9) T*A or C*G base pairs in the human genome. Here we establish for the human and Escherichia coli enzymes that discrimination of thymine and uracil is initiated by thermally induced opening of T*A and U*A base pairs and not by active participation of the enzyme. Thus, base-pair dynamics has a critical role in the genome-wide search for uracil, and may be involved in initial damage recognition by other DNA repair glycosylases.