节能减排目标下的企业应对行为研究

基于企业视角,通过对Q市120家工业企业的抽样调查,分析节能减排指标对企业的影响,了解被调查企业对节能减排的主观态度和客观执行情况,探索企业节能减排工作中面临的问题和需求。重点考察了影响企业节能减排绩效的影响因素,例如企业规模、所有制、市场、企业原有环境绩效、上市情况等对节能减排活动的影响,以期为我国节能减排政策提供阶段性评估,提出在企业层面落实和促进节能减排目标实现的制度安排,并为长期的经济结构优化和可持续发展目标提供微观决策信息。     

The DNA helicase BRIP1 is defective in Fanconi anemia complementation group J

The protein predicted to be defective in individuals with Fanconi anemia complementation group J (FA-J), FANCJ, is a missing component in the Fanconi anemia pathway of genome maintenance. Here we identify pathogenic mutations in eight individuals with FA-J in the gene encoding the DEAH-box DNA helicase BRIP1, also called FANCJ. This finding is compelling evidence that the Fanconi anemia pathway functions through a direct physical interaction with DNA.     

Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behaviour in early cetaceans

Early cetaceans evolved from terrestrial quadrupeds to obligate swimmers, a change that is traditionally studied by functional analysis of the postcranial skeleton. Here we assess the evolution of cetacean locomotor behaviour from an independent perspective by looking at the semicircular canal system, one of the main sense organs involved in neural control of locomotion. Extant cetaceans are found to be unique in that their canal arc size, corrected for body mass, is approximately three times smaller than in other mammals. This reduces the sensitivity of the canal system, most plausibly to match the fast body rotations that characterize cetacean behaviour. Eocene fossils show that the new sensory regime, incompatible with terrestrial competence, developed quickly and early in cetacean evolution, as soon as the taxa are associated with marine environments. Dedicated agile swimming of cetaceans thus appeared to have originated as a rapid and fundamental shift in locomotion rather than as the gradual transition suggested by postcranial evidence. We hypothesize that the unparalleled modification of the semicircular canal system represented a key 'point of no return' event in early cetacean evolution, leading to full independence from life on land.     

Autofluorescence of isolated unfixed rabbit deiters' neurons and surrounding neuroglial clumps

Résumé Nous avons démontré l'autofluorescence dans des neurones et neuroglies détachées du noyau de Deiters du lapin. Les cellules furent isolées et examinées dans une solution de 0.9% NaCl, sans fixation, deshydration ou addition de fluorochromes. La longueur d'onde de la fluorescence était 5400–5700 Å, et la fluorescence apparaissait d'habitude dans le cytoplasme et le nucléode. On a conclu qu'elle provient de la lipofuscine.     

Eocene evolution of whale hearing

The origin of whales (order Cetacea) is one of the best-documented examples of macroevolutionary change in vertebrates. As the earliest whales became obligately marine, all of their organ systems adapted to the new environment. The fossil record indicates that this evolutionary transition took less than 15 million years, and that different organ systems followed different evolutionary trajectories. Here we document the evolutionary changes that took place in the sound transmission mechanism of the outer and middle ear in early whales. Sound transmission mechanisms change early on in whale evolution and pass through a stage (in pakicetids) in which hearing in both air and water is unsophisticated. This intermediate stage is soon abandoned and is replaced (in remingtonocetids and protocetids) by a sound transmission mechanism similar to that in modern toothed whales. The mechanism of these fossil whales lacks sophistication, and still retains some of the key elements that land mammals use to hear airborne sound.     

Fertilizer residue from labelled urea in a clay soil

Summary The proportion of nitrogen obtained by wheat Pak-70 from N¹⁵ labelled urea applied at the rate of 120 kg N/ha was less than 35%. Leaching of nitrogen beyond the root zone was shown to be negligible. Most of the nitrogen was therefore left in the soil as residue. The increase in soil inorganic nitrogen values after the wheat harvest confirmed the presence of residual nitrogen.Acknowledgment. This work was sponsored jointly by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission under Research Contract No. 1673/GS. The authors are grateful to the IAEA for providing some essential equipment and analyses of wheat samples for N¹⁵.     

Effect of oxygen content on the structural and optical properties of ZnO films grown by atmospheric pressure MOCVD

Atmospheric pressure MOCVD was used to deposit ZnO layers on sapphire and homoepitaxial template under different oxygen flow rates.Oxygen content affects the lattice constant value and texture coefficient of the films as evidenced by the θ-2θ peaks position and their intensity.Films deposited at lower oxygen flow rate possess higher value of strain and stresses.ZnO films deposited at high oxygen flow rates show intense UV emissions while samples prepared under oxygen deficient conditions exhibited defect related emission along with UV luminescence.The results are compared to the ZnO films deposited homoepitaxially on annealed ZnO samples.The data obtained suggest that ZnO stoichiometry is responsible for the structural and optical quality of ZnO films.     

硫酸中香蕉皮还原低品位锰矿的浸出行为及动力学模型

Manganese was leached from a low-grade manganese ore (LGMO) using banana peel as the reductant in a dilute sulfuric acid medium. The effects of banana peel amount, H₂SO₄ concentration, reaction temperature, and time on Mn leaching from the complex LGMO were studied. A leaching efficiency of ~98% was achieved at a leaching time of 2 h, banana peel amount of 4 g, leaching temperature of 120°C, manganese ore amount of 5 g, and sulfuric acid concentration of 15vol%. The phase, microstructural, and chemical analyses of LGMO samples before and after the leaching process confirmed the successful leaching of manganese. Furthermore, the leaching process followed the shrinking core model and the leaching rate was controlled by a surface chemical reaction (1 ? (1 ? x)1/3 = kt) mechanism with an apparent activation energy of 40.19 kJ·mol?1.     

A central role for calcineurin in protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases

Accumulation of misfolded/unfolded aggregated proteins in the brain is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. Dysregulation of calcium (Ca²⁺) and disruption of fast axonal transport (FAT) are early pathological events that lead to loss of synaptic integrity and axonal degeneration in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulated Ca²⁺ in the brain is triggered by accumulation of misfolded/unfolded aggregated proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a major Ca²⁺ storing organelle, ultimately leading to neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, has been implicated in T cells activation through the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In addition to the involvement of several other signaling cascades, CaN has been shown to play a role in early synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Therefore, inhibiting hyperactivated CaN in early stages of disease might be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating patients with protein misfolding diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of CaN, inhibition mechanisms by which immunosuppressants inhibit CaN, role of CaN in maintaining neuronal and synaptic integrity and homeostasis and the role played by CaN in protein unfolding/misfolding neurodegenerative diseases.