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111.
Snake envenomation is a socio-medical problem of considerable magnitude. About 2.5 million people are bitten by snakes annually,
more than 100,000 fatally. However, although bites can be deadly, snake venom is a natural biological resource that contains
several components of potential therapeutic value. Venom has been used in the treatment of a variety of pathophysiological
conditions in Ayurveda, homeopathy and folk medicine. With the advent of biotechnology, the efficacy of such treatments has
been substantiated by purifying components of venom and delineating their therapeutic properties. This review will focus on
certain snake venom components and their applications in health and disease.
Received 6 July 2006; received after revision 14 August 2006; accepted 28 September 2006 相似文献
112.
Greenway MJ Andersen PM Russ C Ennis S Cashman S Donaghy C Patterson V Swingler R Kieran D Prehn J Morrison KE Green A Acharya KR Brown RH Hardiman O 《Nature genetics》2006,38(4):411-413
We recently identified angiogenin (ANG) as a candidate susceptibility gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult-onset loss of motor neurons. We now report the finding of seven missense mutations in 15 individuals, of whom four had familial ALS and 11 apparently 'sporadic' ALS. Our findings provide further evidence that variations in hypoxia-inducible genes have an important role in motor neuron degeneration. 相似文献
113.
Gandhi TK Zhong J Mathivanan S Karthick L Chandrika KN Mohan SS Sharma S Pinkert S Nagaraju S Periaswamy B Mishra G Nandakumar K Shen B Deshpande N Nayak R Sarker M Boeke JD Parmigiani G Schultz J Bader JS Pandey A 《Nature genetics》2006,38(3):285-293
We present the first analysis of the human proteome with regard to interactions between proteins. We also compare the human interactome with the available interaction datasets from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) and fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Of >70,000 binary interactions, only 42 were common to human, worm and fly, and only 16 were common to all four datasets. An additional 36 interactions were common to fly and worm but were not observed in humans, although a coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that 9 of the interactions do occur in humans. A re-examination of the connectivity of essential genes in yeast and humans indicated that the available data do not support the presumption that the number of interaction partners can accurately predict whether a gene is essential. Finally, we found that proteins encoded by genes mutated in inherited genetic disorders are likely to interact with proteins known to cause similar disorders, suggesting the existence of disease subnetworks. The human interaction map constructed from our analysis should facilitate an integrative systems biology approach to elucidating the cellular networks that contribute to health and disease states. 相似文献
114.
DNA methylation profiling of human chromosomes 6, 20 and 22 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
115.
116.
Pahan K 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(10):1165-1178
Although a change in life-style is often the method of first choice for lipid lowering, lipid-lowering drugs, in general,
help to control elevated levels of different forms of lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia. While one group of drugs, statins,
lowers cholesterol, the other group, fibrates, is known to take care of fatty acids and triglycerides. In addition, other
drugs, such as ezetimibe, colesevelam, torcetrapib, avasimibe, implitapide, and niacin are also being considered to manage
hyperlipidemia. As lipids are very critical for cardiovascular diseases, these drugs reduce fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular
abnormalities in the general population. However, a number of recent studies indicate that apart from their lipidlowering
activities, statins and fibrates exhibit multiple functions to modulate intracellular signaling pathways, inhibit inflammation,
suppress the production of reactive oxygen species, and modulate T cell activity. Therefore, nowadays, these drugs are being
considered as possible therapeutics for several forms of human disorders including cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation, and
neurodegeneration. Here I discuss these applications in the light of newly discovered modes of action of these drugs.
Received 5 September 2005; received after revision 29 December 2005; accepted 26 January 2006 相似文献
117.
Niimura N Arai S Kurihara K Chatake T Tanaka I Bau R 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(3):285-300
Neutron diffraction provides an experimental method of directly locating hydrogen atoms in proteins, a technique complimentary to ultra-high-resolution [1, 2] X-ray diffraction. Three different types of neutron diffractometers for biological macromolecules have been constructed in Japan, France and the United States, and they have been used to determine the crystal structures of proteins up to resolution limits of 1.5-2.5 A. Results relating to hydrogen positions and hydration patterns in proteins have been obtained from these studies. Examples include the geometrical details of hydrogen bonds, H/D exchange in proteins and oligonucleotides, the role of hydrogen atoms in enzymatic activity and thermostability, and the dynamical behavior of hydration structures, all of which have been extracted from these structural results and reviewed. Other techniques, such as the growth of large single crystals, the preparation of fully deuterated proteins, the use of cryogenic techniques, and a data base of hydrogen and hydration in proteins, will be described. 相似文献
118.
Myosin V from head to tail 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Trybus KM 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2008,65(9):1378-1389
Myosin V (myoV), a processive cargo transporter, has arguably been the most well-studied unconventional myosin of the past
decade. Considerable structural information is available for the motor domain, the IQ motifs with bound calmodulin or light
chains, and the cargo-binding globular tail, all of which have been crystallized. The repertoire of adapter proteins that
link myoV to a particular cargo is becoming better understood, enabling cellular transport processes to be dissected. MyoV
is processive, meaning that it takes many steps on actin filaments without dissociating. Its extended lever arm results in
long 36-nm steps, making it ideal for single molecule studies of processive movement. In addition, electron microscopy revealed
the structure of the inactive, folded conformation of myoV when it is not transporting cargo. This review provides a background
on myoV, and highlights recent discoveries that show why myoV will continue to be an active focus of investigation.
Received 31 October 2007; received after revision 4 December 2007; accepted 2 January 2008 相似文献
119.
Richards JB Yuan X Geller F Waterworth D Bataille V Glass D Song K Waeber G Vollenweider P Aben KK Kiemeney LA Walters B Soranzo N Thorsteinsdottir U Kong A Rafnar T Deloukas P Sulem P Stefansson H Stefansson K Spector TD Mooser V 《Nature genetics》2008,40(11):1282-1284
We conducted a genome-wide association study for androgenic alopecia in 1,125 men and identified a newly associated locus at chromosome 20p11.22, confirmed in three independent cohorts (n = 1,650; OR = 1.60, P = 1.1 x 10(-14) for rs1160312). The one man in seven who harbors risk alleles at both 20p11.22 and AR (encoding the androgen receptor) has a sevenfold-increased odds of androgenic alopecia (OR = 7.12, P = 3.7 x 10(-15)). 相似文献
120.
The Pristionchus pacificus genome provides a unique perspective on nematode lifestyle and parasitism
Dieterich C Clifton SW Schuster LN Chinwalla A Delehaunty K Dinkelacker I Fulton L Fulton R Godfrey J Minx P Mitreva M Roeseler W Tian H Witte H Yang SP Wilson RK Sommer RJ 《Nature genetics》2008,40(10):1193-1198
Here we present a draft genome sequence of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, a species that is associated with beetles and is used as a model system in evolutionary biology. With 169 Mb and 23,500 predicted protein-coding genes, the P. pacificus genome is larger than those of Caenorhabditis elegans and the human parasite Brugia malayi. Compared to C. elegans, the P. pacificus genome has more genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes, glucosyltransferases, sulfotransferases and ABC transporters, many of which were experimentally validated. The P. pacificus genome contains genes encoding cellulase and diapausin, and cellulase activity is found in P. pacificus secretions, indicating that cellulases can be found in nematodes beyond plant parasites. The relatively higher number of detoxification and degradation enzymes in P. pacificus is consistent with its necromenic lifestyle and might represent a preadaptation for parasitism. Thus, comparative genomics analysis of three ecologically distinct nematodes offers a unique opportunity to investigate the association between genome structure and lifestyle. 相似文献