Introduction: Recent advances in comparative physiology of cardiovascular control

The Editors wish to thank Prof. R. B. Hill for having coordinated this Multi-author Review.     

Plating efficiency of mouse embryo cells as a function of gestational age

Summary Mouse embryo cells can be plated directly from single-cell suspensions of fresh embryos. For randomly bred Swiss mice, there is an increase in plating efficiency as a function of gestational age. Colony-forming units appear at about day 10 and there is an exponential increase in colony-forming ability up to day 16, after which there is no further increase.The technical assistance of Ms.Helen Sandza is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (No. CA13053).     

Mechanical properties of the radula protractor ofBusycon canaliculatum

Zusammenfassung Der Radula Protractormuskel vonBusycon canaliculatum unterscheidet sich vom Herzmuskel, aber er verhält sich wie andere glatte Muskeln von andern Mollusken in der Beziehung zwischen passiver und aktiver Kraft.     

Evolutionary relationships of human populations from an analysis of nuclear DNA polymorphisms

The genetic relationships of human populations have been studied by comparing gene frequency data for protein and blood-group loci of different populations. DNA analysis now promises to be more informative since not only do the DNA coding sequences have more variation than their corresponding proteins but, in addition, noncoding DNA sequences display more extensive polymorphism. We have now studied the frequency of a group of closely linked nuclear DNA polymorphisms (haplotypes) in the beta-globin gene cluster of normal (beta A) chromosomes of individuals from eight diverse populations. We have found that all non-African populations share a limited number of common haplotypes whereas Africans have predominantly a different haplotype not found in other populations. Genetic distance analysis based on these nuclear DNA polymorphisms indicates a major division of human populations into an African and a Eurasian group.     

宽带IP城域网规划设计

本文针对当前宽带城域网的主流技术进行对照分析,设计出一个既能适应竞争形式需要、又能最大限度利用现有电信资源的宽带IP城域网,给出其整体设计原则和网络构架.     

Vaccines against intracellular infections requiring cellular immunity

Vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases represent one of the great triumphs of medicine. The immune correlates of protection induced by most current vaccines seem to be mediated by long-lived humoral immune responses. By contrast, there are no currently available vaccines that are uniformly effective for diseases such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis, in which the cellular immune response might be crucial in mediating protection. Here we examine the mechanisms by which long-lived cellular immune responses are generated and maintained in vivo. We then discuss current approaches for vaccination against diseases in which cellular immune responses are important for protection.