臭氧对水中甲基对硫磷的降解

通过研究臭氧对水中甲基对硫磷的降解.探索臭氧对甲基对硫磷的降解机制和影响因素.将臭氧气体充入反应器中与甲基对硫磷进行反应,采用GC-MS和标准样品对中间产物进行定性分析,并用HIPLC同时监测甲基对硫磷的残留量和中间产物的生成量.结果表明,臭氧对甲基对硫磷的降解由臭氧直接氧化和羟基自由基间接氧化共同完成,降解历程遵循假一级反应动力学.50 mmol/L离子清除剂叔丁醇使甲基对硫磷的降解速率降低60%,而溶液pH值对降解速率则无明显影响.通过GC/MS分析,确定了甲基对氧磷为甲基对硫磷的臭氧降解中间产物.甲基对氧磷的生成量受到溶液pH和甲基对硫磷起始浓度的影响,较低溶液pH和较高甲基对硫磷起始浓度均有利于甲基对氧磷的积累,而离子清除剂则对甲基对氧磷的生成量没有显著影响.     

An eco- and inno-product design system applying integrated and intelligent qfde and triz methodology

The green environmental laws and regulations are legislated, implemented, and enforced in many countries and economic regions. The provision of green products and services are the fast growing trend in global consumer markets. Therefore, introducing new products with environmental considerations becomes critical for global brand manufacturers. This research depicts an integrated and intelligent eco- and inno-product design methodology to support environmental friendly green product development. The methodology adopts approaches, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), quality function deploymnet for environement (QFDE), theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and back-propagation network (BPN) to achieve eco- and inno-design objectives. LCA evaluates and compares the environmental impacts of production. QFDE transforms high-level concerns of environment into design requirements. When there are many historical QFDE data, the BPN prediction model is trained and deployed to automate the specifications of green design improvement. TRIZ is to support the creation of innovative product design ideas effectively and efficiently during the concept design stage. Finally, this paper presents two eco-design cases of power adaptor to demonstrate the proposed methodology.     

Receptive field dynamics in adult primary visual cortex.

The adult brain has a remarkable ability to adjust to changes in sensory input. Removal of afferent input to the somatosensory, auditory, motor or visual cortex results in a marked change of cortical topography. Changes in sensory activity can, over a period of months, alter receptive field size and cortical topography. Here we remove visual input by focal binocular retinal lesions and record from the same cortical sites before and within minutes after making the lesion and find immediate striking increases in receptive field size for cortical cells with receptive fields near the edge of the retinal scotoma. After a few months even the cortical areas that were initially silenced by the lesion recover visual activity, representing retinotopic loci surrounding the lesion. At the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which provides the visual input to the striate cortex, a large silent region remains. Furthermore, anatomical studies show that the spread of geniculocortical afferents is insufficient to account for the cortical recovery. The results indicate that the topographic reorganization within the cortex was largely due to synaptic changes intrinsic to the cortex, perhaps through the plexus of long-range horizontal connections.     

Reversible juvenile hormone inhibition of ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone synthesis by the ring gland ofDrosophila melanogaster

Juvenile hormone bisepoxide (JHB₃) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) both inhibited the in vitro production of ecdysteroids by ring glands and brain-ring gland complexes from third instar post-feeding larvae ofDrosophila melanogaster in a reversible manner, although JHB₃ had greater efficacy. The JH III and JHB₃ precursor, methyl farnesoate, did not affect ecdysteroid production. The in vitro synthesis of total detectable JH (JHB₃+JH III+methyl farnesoate) by the corpus allatum portion of the isolated ring gland was also inhibited reversibly in the presence of exogenous JHB₃ and JH III, but not by methyl farnesoate. These data indicating negative feedback are in agreement with the accepted dogma of endocrine gland regulation.