线性状态反馈及其在角钢飞剪机电控系统中的应用

本文以1990年投产的襄樊轧钢厂角钢飞剪直流调速系统为例,推荐了线性状态变量反馈(LSF)系统及其设计方法,并与二次型最优控制LQSF技术及传统的“工程最优”技术作了比较。文中指出,在直流调速系统中,LSF比LQSF更实用,比“工程最优”性能更好。     

储液罐的动力提离

本文提出了一种新的考虑了底板柔性和地基弹性的储液罐动力提离摸型,计算了储液罐在动荷作用下的提离历时形状,计算结果与文献中的实验结果相吻合。     

羧酸β-羟丙基酯的合成

本文考察了固体酸FeCl_2,AlCl_2,Fe_2(SO_4)_3,在羧酸与环氧化合物加成酯化反应的催化活性,并研究了反应的取向。用性质稳定的Fe_2(SO_4)_3为催化剂,合成了16种羧酸β-羟丙基酯,产率为50％～84％。     

某些铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的三元配合物中的直线自由能关系

本文报导在铅(Ⅱ)和镉(Ⅱ)的三元配合物MLA(其中L为2,2′—联吡啶(bipy)或邻菲咯啉(phen),A为丁二酸根(suc~(2-))、邻苯二甲酸根(pht~(2-))和4—硝基邻苯二甲酸根(npht~(2-)))中,三元配合物的稳定性与配体A的碱性之间的直线自由能关系,并与相应的二元配合物MA_2进行了比较,对二者的差别和某些造成复杂化的因素进行了讨论。     

参数估计法测量两相流流速

提出用参数估计法处理传感器信号，用流动噪声渡越时间估计法测量两相流流速，这相当于在时域完成白化预滤波再进行广义互相关。当传感器的空间滤波效应使信号频带变窄时，此法可以克服或改善常用的相关估计方法中存在的随机误差较大、分辨率低及动态响应慢等不足。用此法已研制出相应的测量仪表雏型，给出了气水两相流管道的实验结果。     

Hubbard模型的holon涨落和铁磁相变

从Zou-Anderson有效哈密顿量出发,考虑holon涨落效应,导出一铁磁相互作用。用RPA计算Spinon静态磁化率,在T=0及U=∞情形,求出当掺杂δ>δc≈0.55时,铁磁相不稳定。     

文蛤(Meretrix Meretrix)凝集素(MML)的初步研究——Ⅰ.MML在文蛤体内的分布及纯化

在文蛤(Meretrix Meretrix)体内具有血球凝集活性的凝集素(简称MML),经实验证实仅分布于文蛤外套腔液中。向外套腔液中加入固体硫酸铵达40％时,可使99％的MML沉淀。用不同饱和度的硫酸铵溶液依次对上述沉淀进行抽提,得到MML粗制品溶液,其比活比原始外套腔液提高了约9.95倍,总活力回收达48％。最后用自制的人血浆糖蛋白一Sepharose 4 B亲合层析柱可将上述MML粗制品的比活再提高400多倍。结果与原始外套腔液比较,MML终产品的比活总共提高了4313倍,总活力回收达44.8％,在电泳鉴定时显示出单一的区带。     

Clonal expansion of p53 mutant cells is associated with brain tumour progression.

Tumour progression is a fundamental feature of the biology of cancer. Cancers do not arise de novo in their final form, but begin as small, indolent growths, which gradually acquire characteristics associated with malignancy. In the brain, for example, low-grade tumours (astrocytomas) evolve into faster growing, more dysplastic and invasive high-grade tumours (glioblastomas). To define the genetic events underlying brain tumour progression, we analysed the p53 gene in ten primary brain tumour pairs. Seven pairs consisted of tumours that were high grade both at presentation and recurrence (group A) and three pairs consisted of low-grade tumours that had progressed to higher grade tumours (group B). In group A pairs, four of the recurrent tumours contained a p53 gene mutation; in three of them, the same mutation was found in the primary tumour. In group B pairs, progression to high grade was associated with a p53 gene mutation. A subpopulation of cells were present in the low-grade tumours that contained the same p53 gene mutation predominant in the cells of the recurrent tumours that had progressed to glioblastoma. Thus, the histological progression of brain tumours was associated with a clonal expansion of cells that had previously acquired a mutation in the p53 gene, endowing them with a selective growth advantage. These experimental observations strongly support Nowell's clonal evolution model of tumour progression.     

Specific low-affinity recognition of major histocompatibility complex plus peptide by soluble T-cell receptor.

The T-cell receptor is necessary and sufficient for recognition of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules. Other adhesion molecules, like CD4 or CD8, play an auxiliary role in antigen recognition by T cells. Here we analyse T-cell receptor (TCR) binding using a soluble rather than a cell-bound receptor molecule. A TCR-immunoglobulin chimaera is constructed with the variable and the first constant regions of both the TCR alpha- and beta-chains linked to the immunoglobulin light-chain constant regions. This soluble TCR is expressed, assembled and secreted as an alpha beta heterodimer by a myeloma cell line transfected with the recombinant genes. Furthermore, the soluble TCR is biologically active: it specifically inhibits antigen-dependent activation of the relevant T-cell clones and thus discriminates between proper and irrelevant peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules.     

Communal nesting patterns in mice implicate MHC genes in kin recognition.

House mice (Mus musculus domesticus) form communal nests and appear to nurse each other's pups indiscriminately. Communal nesting probably functions to reduce infanticide, but it also makes females vulnerable to exploitation if nursing partners fail to provide their fair share of care. Kinship theory predicts that females will preferentially form communal nests with relatives to minimize exploitation and further increase inclusive fitness. Here we provide evidence from seminatural populations that females prefer communal nesting partners that share allelic forms of major histocompatibility complex genes. Such behaviour would lead to the selection of close relatives as communal nesting partners. Although criteria for the demonstration of kin recognition are currently embroiled in controversy, this is the first vertebrate study to meet Grafen's restrictive requirements: discrimination is based on genetic similarity at highly polymorphic loci, incidental correlations due to relatedness are experimentally controlled, and strong reasons exist for expecting the assayed behaviour to be kin-selected.