智能控制在发酵过程控制中的应用

本文对基于知识的智能控制的控制系统的体系结构、主要概念、功能及特点、发展前景和目前所存在的主要问题进行分析与研究，对直接模糊控制、监督模糊控制及基于专家系统的监督控制的应用情况进行说明。     

新型有标准组件的屈曲约束支撑消能器

提出了一种用于抗震结构的具有创新性的屈曲约束支撑消能器。消能器的钢材屈服核心是标准组件式的,这个特别的设计使得它的屈服力和塑性形变能够根据建筑物的抗震需求而调整。以下呈现两种类型MBRB1和MBRB2通过连接若干连续的由任意数量的受剪基本消能单元组成的组件,可以得到形变与连续组件的数量成比例,受力与连续组件上的受剪基本消能单元的数量成比例。支撑的组装包括将已经涂过润滑油的屈曲核心部分装入约束单元后用销栓将其固定,从而易于消能器的检测,必要时便于更换消能单元。主要参数有屈服力和屈服位移,这些可由简单的数学表达式得出。设计中将摆动形变考虑在内通过约束单元避免局部屈曲并且提出了在核心单元与约束单元之间设置功能性的间隙。滞回耗能表现及受力,塑性位移等由有限元分析软件模拟得出。     

Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion

Drug resistance presents a challenge to the treatment of cancer patients. Many studies have focused on cell-autonomous mechanisms of drug resistance. By contrast, we proposed that the tumour micro-environment confers innate resistance to therapy. Here we developed a co-culture system to systematically assay the ability of 23 stromal cell types to influence the innate resistance of 45 cancer cell lines to 35 anticancer drugs. We found that stroma-mediated resistance is common, particularly to targeted agents. We characterized further the stroma-mediated resistance of BRAF-mutant melanoma to RAF inhibitors because most patients with this type of cancer show some degree of innate resistance. Proteomic analysis showed that stromal cell secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) resulted in activation of the HGF receptor MET, reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-AKT signalling pathways, and immediate resistance to RAF inhibition. Immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed stromal cell expression of HGF in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma and showed a significant correlation between HGF expression by stromal cells and innate resistance to RAF inhibitor treatment. Dual inhibition of RAF and either HGF or MET resulted in reversal of drug resistance, suggesting RAF plus HGF or MET inhibitory combination therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant melanoma. A similar resistance mechanism was uncovered in a subset of BRAF-mutant colorectal and glioblastoma cell lines. More generally, this study indicates that the systematic dissection of interactions between tumours and their micro-environment can uncover important mechanisms underlying drug resistance.     

宁夏同心黄土湿陷特性实验研究

以宁夏同心黄土为研究对象,初始含水量、干密度、自重压力、超固结比为因素,设计正交实验方案进行了黄土的湿陷性研究．结果表明：黄土的湿陷系数随初始含水量、干密度、自重压力、超固结比的增大而减小;各因素影响的主次顺序为初始含水量、超固结比、干密度和自重压力,初始含水量和超固结比是影响黄土湿陷性的重要因素．在正交实验结果分析的基础上,以初始含水量为因素进行了单因素实验,发现湿陷系数与初始含水量有很好的线性相关性,并得到拟合关系式,对当地湿陷性黄土地基处理有很好的指导意义．     

铝合金表面有色钛/锆转化膜的成膜机理及性能

为了解决工业生产中钛/锆转化膜无色的问题,通过向含钛/锆的处理液中加入单宁酸及成膜促进剂,在铝合金表面制备了有色钛/锆转化膜.采用X射线能谱仪、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和电化学工作站对转化膜的形成过程、形貌、组织结构、耐蚀性等进行了分析.结果表明:在铝合金表面成功制备出了金黄色、耐蚀性优异的转化膜,其主要成分是Na3AlF6,其次是单宁酸水解产物的金属络合物以及少量Al2O3.3H2O、TiO2等;膜的形成可分为Na3AlF6晶体成核、生长和金属络合物的沉积3个阶段;转化膜的腐蚀电流密度由基体的5.894μA/cm2下降到0.283μA/cm2,耐蚀性明显提高.     

基于变形协调的双重功率分流轮系均载特性

针对双重功率分流系统的载荷均匀分布问题,建立了该系统的拟静力学模型,并根据系统构成功率流闭环的特点,推导出了系统的扭转角变形协调条件.将该条件与系统的力矩平衡条件和弹性支撑条件联立,并运用当量啮合误差和等效啮合刚度理论,计算出了各齿轮副传递的扭矩,最终得到了系统的均载系数.文中还从静力学角度分析了各构件安装误差和制造误差对系统功率分流的影响.结果表明,这些误差对系统的均载特性共同起作用,单独减小某一种误差,并不能达到最好的均载效果.     

船舶动力定位系统的非线性输出反馈控制

针对动力定位船舶的速度不可测问题,考虑带有环境扰动的动力定位船舶运动非线性数学模型,提出一个非线性观测器-控制器控制方案,实现仅依赖于船舶位置和艏向测量值的船舶动力定位的输出反馈控制,且其观测器具有分离的稳定性.应用串级非线性系统理论证明了最终的船舶动力定位输出反馈闭环系统是全局渐近稳定的,所设计的输出反馈控制律迫使船舶的位置及艏摇角全局渐近收敛于期望值.以一艘供给船为例进行仿真研究,结果验证了所设计的船舶动力定位输出反馈控制律的有效性.     

具预警功能机器人遥操作动态虚拟夹具的设计

针对现在虚拟夹具设计不灵活、几何模型拼接不光滑和预警功能不足的问题,提出了一种基于有限元的自适应动态安全管道生成算法,给出了安全扩展管道的动态扩展算法和预警管道的动态生成算法,并通过实例对算法进行了验证.结果表明:设计的安全扩展管道可根据机器人的扩展需要进行动态避障扩张,并在机器人越出安全扩展管道时给出警报;设计的预警管道可根据机器人的抖动情况进行动态伸缩,并在机器人越出预警管道时给出警报.文中算法可以根据路径实时生成具有导引与主动预警功能的虚拟夹具,提高机器人遥操作的安全性和准确性.     

Electromagnetic modification of faceted-faceted Ni<Subscript>31</Subscript>Si<Subscript>12</Subscript>-Ni<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si eutectic alloy

In an electromagnetic field, the morphology of a binary faceted-faceted (FF) Ni31Si12-Ni2Si eutectic microstructure and the alloy’s mechanical properties were investigated. Hardness experiments demonstrated that the solidified ingots were significantly strengthened, and the hardness was improved to 63.1 and 786.6 on the Rockwell hardness C and Vickers hardness scales, respectively. Tests of friction and wear in stirred FF eutectic alloys showed excellent anti-fatigue and anti-adhesion wear performance. Alloy changed from an anomalous microstructure to a refined quasi-regular structure, and there was an increase in the lamellar microstructure fraction. The formation process of the refined quasi-regular microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties were investigated.     

固态发酵生产饲用β-葡萄糖酶的产业化技术研究

采用黑曲霉菌株An08-752,经曲盘、发酵床(帘子床)、厚层通风制曲池进行固态发酵,产业化生产饲用β-葡萄糖酶,结果表明:通风曲池厚层通风发酵培养30～32 h,产β-葡聚糖酶最高,发酵酶活力达到1.15×105μ/g;发酵床发酵培养时间35～37 h,产β-葡聚糖酶最高,发酵酶活力达到1.28×105μ/g;曲盘发酵培养32～34 h,产β-葡聚糖酶最高,发酵酶活力达到1.36×105μ/g.