Impaired hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine in myeloid cancers with mutant TET2

TET2 is a close relative of TET1, an enzyme that converts 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA. The gene encoding TET2 resides at chromosome 4q24, in a region showing recurrent microdeletions and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in patients with diverse myeloid malignancies. Somatic TET2 mutations are frequently observed in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), MDS/MPN overlap syndromes including chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) and secondary AML (sAML). We show here that TET2 mutations associated with myeloid malignancies compromise catalytic activity. Bone marrow samples from patients with TET2 mutations displayed uniformly low levels of 5hmC in genomic DNA compared to bone marrow samples from healthy controls. Moreover, small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of Tet2 in mouse haematopoietic precursors skewed their differentiation towards monocyte/macrophage lineages in culture. There was no significant difference in DNA methylation between bone marrow samples from patients with high 5hmC versus healthy controls, but samples from patients with low 5hmC showed hypomethylation relative to controls at the majority of differentially methylated CpG sites. Our results demonstrate that Tet2 is important for normal myelopoiesis, and suggest that disruption of TET2 enzymatic activity favours myeloid tumorigenesis. Measurement of 5hmC levels in myeloid malignancies may prove valuable as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, to tailor therapies and assess responses to anticancer drugs.     

Generalization of the linguistic aggregation operator and its application in decision making

A generalization of the linguistic aggregation functions (or operators) is presented by using generalized and quasiarithmetic means.Firstly,the linguistic weighted generalized mean (LWGM) and the linguistic generalized ordered weighted averaging (LGOWA) operator are introduced.These aggregation functions use linguistic information and generalized means in the weighted average (WA) and in the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) function.They are very useful for uncertain situations where the available information cannot be assessed with numerical values but it is possible to use linguistic assessments.These aggregation operators generalize a wide range of aggregation operators that use linguistic information such as the linguistic generalized mean (LGM),the linguistic OWA (LOWA) operator and the linguistic ordered weighted quadratic averaging (LOWQA) operator.We also introduce a further generalization by using quasi-arithmetic means instead of generalized means obtaining the quasi-LWA and the quasi-LOWA operator.Finally,we develop an application of the new approach where we analyze a decision making problem regarding the selection of strategies.     

Perfluoroalkyl substances in the blood samples from a male population of Sweden

Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） have been determined in the blood samples from several countries globally including a female population in Sweden recently, yet little is known about the time trends in the blood levels of these compounds in Swedish male populations over recent years. In this study, the fourteen target PFASs consisted of four perfluorosulfonates （PFSAs） and ten perfluorocarboxylates （PFCAs） in the whole blood samples, collected from 153 Swedish elderly men during the period between 2008 and 2010, were analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. As the dominant PFASs contaminants in the blood samples, perfluorooctane sulfo- nate （PFOS） showed the highest geometric mean （GM） at 8.5 ng/mL, ranging from 1.7 to 29 ng/mL, while blood perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA） contained the GM of 1.8 ng/mL, ranging from 0.35 to 6.4 ng/mL. Both the levels of these two compounds were lower than those determined in the blood samples of Swedish elderly pop- ulations derived from the late 1990s. According to the temporal trend analysis, over the three years, the blood levels of PFOS in Swedish male populations declined 16 % per annum, while those of perfluoroundecanoic acid （PFUnDA） increased 6.1% per annum, which were con- sistent with those reported previously for the populations from other countries.     

基于收益管理的班轮联盟舱位互换与分配优化

运用收益管理原理方法,研究了联盟条件下班轮公司舱位互换与分配问题,构建了综合考虑班轮联盟多条航线、不同种类和不同尺寸的集装箱等因素的舱位互换与分配随机优化共赢模型,运用机会约束方法加以求解,算例分析验证了模型和算法的适用性和有效性,结果表明舱位互换与分配优化可以明显地提高班轮联盟的总收益,联盟内舱位互换与分配数量及其总收益与合同客户需求量呈负相关、与现货市场需求量呈正相关,从而可为班轮公司制定舱位互换与分配策略提供科学的决策参考.     

基于差价补偿策略的集装箱班轮运输定价模型

针对集装箱班轮运输定价问题,构建差价补偿策略下班轮运输的定价模型,研究差价补偿策略下托运人订舱行为和承运人定价决策,分析市场需求波动与承运人定价、差价补偿系数、承运人收益的内在关系,以及承运人定价对托运人订舱量的影响,并通过数值分析进行验证.结果表明:随着市场需求波动的增大,承运人最优定价与最大收益降低,而差价补偿系数增大;且托运人订舱量随着承运人定价的增大而减少.承运人采用差价补偿策略时,市场需求波动存在一个上限值,如果需求波动小于该值,则承运人采用差价补偿策略有利于其提高收益.     

3-D Design and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in the Laser Rapid Prototyping Coaxial Powder Delivery System

The metal powder direct and rapid prototyping technology is one of the most developing methods in the laser rapid prototyping technique. The coaxial powder delivery system is the key technique. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of coaxial powder delivery system and simulate the metal powder and shield gas flow in the powder nozzle. 2-D and 3-D model of the new coaxial powder delivery system are established. Then gas-solid two-phase flow model and the k-ε turbulent model are selected to simulate the flow of metal powder in powder nozzle. The Euler-Lagrange method is used in the simulating computation. The results show that the new coaxial powder delivery system has stable performance, uniform powder flux, high cooling efficiency, and long useful life.     

3-D Design and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in the Laser Rapid Prototyping Coaxial Powder Delivery System

The metal powder direct and rapid prototyping technology is one of the most developing methods in the laser rapid prototyping technique. The coaxial powder delivery system is the key technique. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of coaxial powder delivery system and simulate the metal powder and shield gas flow in the powder nozzle. 2-D and 3-D model of the new coaxial powder delivery system are established. Then gas-solid two-phase flow model and the k-? turbulent model are selected to simulate the flow of metal powder in powder nozzle. The Euler-Lagrange method is used in the simulating computation. The results show that the new coaxial powder delivery system has stable performance, uniform powder flux, high cooling efficiency, and long useful life.     

玻璃微球敏化乳化炸药爆速特性

建立了乳化炸药实验室制备工艺，并自制了玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药试样，通过对试样的爆速测试，研究了乳化炸药爆速与其密度及玻璃微球含量等因素的关系，分析了这种工业炸药爆速的特点，结果表明，这种乳化炸药的爆速随其密度的增大而增大到最大值后逐渐降低，直到被压死。