Highly Sensitive and Portable Gas Sensing System Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide

Graphene has been widely used in gas-sensing applications due to its large specific surface area and strong adsorption ability. Among different forms of graphene used as gas-sensing materials, reduced graphene oxide is one of the most convenient and economical materials to integrate with Si-based electronics, which is very important to graphene-based gas sensors. In addition, the stacking structure of graphene oxide flakes facilitates absorption and detection of gas molecules. Based on reduced graphene oxide, a highly sensitive and portable gas-sensing system was demonstrated here. Solution-based graphene oxide was cast on a chip like a TF memory card and then reduced thermally. A signal acquisition system was designed to monitor resistance variation as a sign of gas concentration. This miniature graphene-based gas sensor array demonstrates a new path for the use of graphene in gas-detection technologies. And the creation of a sensitive and portable graphene gas sensor also shows great potential in fields such as medicine and environmental science.     

6—BA对平菇菌丝体生长及新陈代谢的影响

平菇在马铃薯液体培养基的基础上,通过添加不同浓度的6一BA,探讨6—BA对平菇菌丝体生长及新陈代谢的影响。结果表明:低浓度6—BA对平菇菌丝体生长具促进作用,而且使蛋白质和核酸含量增加;高浓度6—BA则逐渐显示抑制作用,其最适作用浓度为1.5ppm,而6—BA对平菇菌丝体可溶性糖含量无明显影响。     

老龄健康影响因素的跨学科研究国际动态

本文从四方面综述并讨论老龄健康跨学科研究的国际新动态与进展:(1)发达国家高度重视和不断加强对老龄健康跨学科研究及其研究策略选择;(2)老龄健康的社会行为和环境影响因素研究;(3)老龄健康相关遗传基因研究;(4)社会行为、环境、遗传因素的交互作用对老龄健康影响研究.同时阐述国际上关于老龄健康跨学科研究的若干案例以及我国关于老龄健康影响因素调查和健康长寿候选基因研究方面取得的一些可喜进展与仍然十分薄弱的现状.最后对今后如何开展老龄健康的跨自然与社会科学综合交叉研究提出思考与展望,认为积极推进我国老龄健康跨学科研究势在必行,而我国学者可望为人类应对人口老化严峻挑战做出突出贡献.     

Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are the two most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Here we sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from 13 DLBCL cases and one FL case to identify genes with mutations in B-cell NHL. We analysed RNA-seq data from these and another 113 NHLs to identify genes with candidate mutations, and then re-sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from these cases to confirm 109 genes with multiple somatic mutations. Genes with roles in histone modification were frequent targets of somatic mutation. For example, 32% of DLBCL and 89% of FL cases had somatic mutations in MLL2, which encodes a histone methyltransferase, and 11.4% and 13.4% of DLBCL and FL cases, respectively, had mutations in MEF2B, a calcium-regulated gene that cooperates with CREBBP and EP300 in acetylating histones. Our analysis suggests a previously unappreciated disruption of chromatin biology in lymphomagenesis.     

散乱数据云的自适应网格划分

提出了一种基于图像边缘检测的自适应网格划分算法，用此方法可以根据测量曲面的几何特征控制型值点的疏密分布，并在保证模型精度的同时，减少了模型数据量，该算法分图形-图像灰度映射，细化点检测，网格自适应细化三个部分，图形-图像灰度映射将三维数据云映射为灰度图像，通过图像处理检测细化点，定位细化点的位置，由此实现网格自适应细化，在柴油机引擎的测量数据云上的应用表明，该方法可以显著地降低模型数据量，提高建模效率。     

大型复杂曲面零件加工余量均布优化问题研究

提出通过曲面的初始匹配和精确匹配来实现余量分布的优化，初始匹配决定后续算法的变量空间；精确匹配获得最佳的曲面匹配姿态及最佳的余量分布，精确匹配采用最小二乘方法构造评估函数，应用遗传算法和单纯形法混合寻优，直接对问题涉及的曲面匹配变换矩阵的6个未知量求解，应用结果表明该方法具有易地实现，算法稳定等特点，较好解决了大型复杂曲面类零件加工余量计算问题。     

Identification of an antimalarial synthetic trioxolane drug development candidate

The discovery of artemisinin more than 30 years ago provided a completely new antimalarial structural prototype; that is, a molecule with a pharmacophoric peroxide bond in a unique 1,2,4-trioxane heterocycle. Available evidence suggests that artemisinin and related peroxidic antimalarial drugs exert their parasiticidal activity subsequent to reductive activation by haem, released as a result of haemoglobin digestion by the malaria-causing parasite. This irreversible redox reaction produces carbon-centred free radicals, leading to alkylation of haem and proteins (enzymes), one of which--the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase PfATP6 (ref. 7)--may be critical to parasite survival. Notably, there is no evidence of drug resistance to any member of the artemisinin family of drugs. The chemotherapy of malaria has benefited greatly from the semi-synthetic artemisinins artemether and artesunate as they rapidly reduce parasite burden, have good therapeutic indices and provide for successful treatment outcomes. However, as a drug class, the artemisinins suffer from chemical (semi-synthetic availability, purity and cost), biopharmaceutical (poor bioavailability and limiting pharmacokinetics) and treatment (non-compliance with long treatment regimens and recrudescence) issues that limit their therapeutic potential. Here we describe how a synthetic peroxide antimalarial drug development candidate was identified in a collaborative drug discovery project.     

T-cell co-stimulation through B7RP-1 and ICOS

T-cell activation requires co-stimulation through receptors such as CD28 and antigen-specific signalling through the T-cell antigen receptor. Here we describe a new murine costimulatory receptor-ligand pair. The receptor, which is related to CD28 and is the homologue of the human protein ICOS, is expressed on activated T cells and resting memory T cells. The ligand, which has homology to B7 molecules and is called B7-related protein-1 (B7RP-1), is expressed on B cells and macrophages. ICOS and B7RP-I do not interact with proteins in the CD28-B7 pathway, and B7RP-1 co-stimulates T cells in vitro independently of CD28. Transgenic mice expressing a B7RP-1-Fc fusion protein show lymphoid hyperplasia in the spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Presensitized mice treated with B7RP-1-Fc during antigen challenge show enhanced hypersensitivity. Therefore, B7RP-1 exhibits co-stimulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. ICOS and B7RP-1 define a new and distinct receptor-ligand pair that is structurally related to CD28-B7 and is involved in the adaptive immune response.     

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in ethnically diverse North American populations

Asthma is a common disease with a complex risk architecture including both genetic and environmental factors. We performed a meta-analysis of North American genome-wide association studies of asthma in 5,416 individuals with asthma (cases) including individuals of European American, African American or African Caribbean, and Latino ancestry, with replication in an additional 12,649 individuals from the same ethnic groups. We identified five susceptibility loci. Four were at previously reported loci on 17q21, near IL1RL1, TSLP and IL33, but we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that these loci are associated with asthma risk in three ethnic groups. In addition, we identified a new asthma susceptibility locus at PYHIN1, with the association being specific to individuals of African descent (P = 3.9 × 10(-9)). These results suggest that some asthma susceptibility loci are robust to differences in ancestry when sufficiently large samples sizes are investigated, and that ancestry-specific associations also contribute to the complex genetic architecture of asthma.