Activation of human CD4+ cells with CD3 and CD46 induces a T-regulatory cell 1 phenotype

The immune system must distinguish not only between self and non-self, but also between innocuous and pathological foreign antigens to prevent unnecessary or self-destructive immune responses. Unresponsiveness to harmless antigens is established through central and peripheral processes. Whereas clonal deletion and anergy are mechanisms of peripheral tolerance, active suppression by T-regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells has emerged as an essential factor in the control of autoreactive cells. Tr1 cells are CD4+ T lymphocytes that are defined by their production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and suppression of T-helper cells; however, the physiological conditions underlying Tr1 differentiation are unknown. Here we show that co-engagement of CD3 and the complement regulator CD46 in the presence of IL-2 induces a Tr1-specific cytokine phenotype in human CD4+ T cells. These CD3/CD46-stimulated IL-10-producing CD4+ cells proliferate strongly, suppress activation of bystander T cells and acquire a memory phenotype. Our findings identify an endogenous receptor-mediated event that drives Tr1 differentiation and suggest that the complement system has a previously unappreciated role in T-cell-mediated immunity and tolerance.     

The hydrodynamics of water strider locomotion

Water striders Gerridae are insects of characteristic length 1 cm and weight 10 dynes that reside on the surface of ponds, rivers, and the open ocean. Their weight is supported by the surface tension force generated by curvature of the free surface, and they propel themselves by driving their central pair of hydrophobic legs in a sculling motion. Previous investigators have assumed that the hydrodynamic propulsion of the water strider relies on momentum transfer by surface waves. This assumption leads to Denny's paradox: infant water striders, whose legs are too slow to generate waves, should be incapable of propelling themselves along the surface. We here resolve this paradox through reporting the results of high-speed video and particle-tracking studies. Experiments reveal that the strider transfers momentum to the underlying fluid not primarily through capillary waves, but rather through hemispherical vortices shed by its driving legs. This insight guided us in constructing a self-contained mechanical water strider whose means of propulsion is analogous to that of its natural counterpart.     

Identification of Stk6/STK15 as a candidate low-penetrance tumor-susceptibility gene in mouse and human

Linkage analysis and haplotype mapping in interspecific mouse crosses (Mus musculus x Mus spretus) identified the gene encoding Aurora2 (Stk6 in mouse and STK15 in human) as a candidate skin tumor susceptibility gene. The Stk6 allele inherited from the susceptible M. musculus parent was overexpressed in normal cells and preferentially amplified in tumor cells from F(1) hybrid mice. We identified a common genetic variant in STK15 (resulting in the amino acid substitution F31I) that is preferentially amplified and associated with the degree of aneuploidy in human colon tumors. The Ile31 variant transforms rat1 cells more potently than the more common Phe31 variant. The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2N was a preferential binding partner of the 'weak' STK15 Phe31 variant form in yeast two-hybrid screens and in human cells. This interaction results in colocalization of UBE2N with STK15 at the centrosomes during mitosis. These results are consistent with an important role for the Ile31 variant of STK15 in human cancer susceptibility.     

5 种两栖爬行动物首次在广东省发现

记述了广东省两栖动物新记录2种：大花角蟾Megophrys giganticus、黑眼睑小树蛙Phylautus gracilipes以及爬行动物新记录3种：半叶趾虎独山亚种Hemiphylodactylus yunnanensis dushangnensis、广西后棱蛇Oligodon guangxinsis、侧条后棱蛇Oligodon Lateralis、半叶践虎属Hemiphylodactylus亦为广东省新记录．     

大城市中心城区环境监测分析与综合治理

根据构建的分布式多元函数模型，采用JSP、JavaBcan与MySQL建立起环境监测分析与综合治理系统，并提供多级安全控制以及每周空气污染指数的实时监测与预测。介绍了该系统的主要功能、特点、网络体系结构和主要开发技术。     

家鹅球虫种类调查及人工感染试验

对江苏省扬州、盐城地区的鹅球虫种类进行了调查和人工感染试验.结果表明,鹅球虫感染率为74.4%.共鉴定出6种球虫,即:Eimeriaanseris、E.fulva、E.hermani、E.nocens、E.stigmosa、Tyzzeriaparvula.12日龄无球虫感染仔鹅感染5×104个混合卵囊即发生死亡.通过单种卵囊接种试验获得了5种球虫的纯种卵囊并对它们的一些生物学特征进行了观察,为这些球虫的生活史和致病性研究奠定了基础.     

边界元-有限元联合解法及其应用

本文采用半无限平面上的任意点受单位集中力作用的解答作为基本解,建立了相应的边界积分方程—边界单元法公式,并使之与有限元法结合,分析了挡水坝受静水压力作用的问题.与有限单元法比较,该方法具有所需计算机内存容量节省,运算时间短,精度高等优点.     

The antialgal activity of obtusastyrene and related cinnamylphenols

Zussammenfassung Der phenolische Inhaltsstoff vonDalbergia Arten, Obtusastyrol und verwandte, zimtsäureartige Phenole hemmen das Wachstum der AlgenChlorella pyrenoidosa undScenedesmus obliquus.