Pinitol, a larval growth inhibitor for Heliothis zea in soybeans

A search for insect growth inhibitors in methanol extracts of soybean leaves resulted in isolation of pinitol. Pinitol caused a 50% reduction in weight gain (ED50) of Heliothis zea larvae at about 0.7% when added to a synthetic diet. Although myo-inositol is a normal component of the insect diet, it also caused growth inhibition at higher concentrations; ED50 4%.     

星形阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的合成及絮凝性能

以季戊四醇为核,并与硝酸铈铵组成氧化还原引发体系,过硫酸钾为助引发剂,引发丙烯酰胺(AM)与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)自由基共聚合,合成星形阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂Star-P(AM/AMPS).采用FTIR和1H NMR对产物结构进行表征,并计算平均臂数.同时考察反应时间、单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应温度对聚合反应的影响.溶液性能评价结果表明,Star-P(AM/AMPS)的耐温性能及絮凝性能均优于线形PAM.     

Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis

The psychosis associated with schizophrenia is characterized by alterations in sensory processing and perception. Some antipsychotic drugs were identified by their high affinity for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (2AR). Drugs that interact with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) also have potential for the treatment of schizophrenia. The effects of hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, require the 2AR and resemble some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we show that the mGluR2 interacts through specific transmembrane helix domains with the 2AR, a member of an unrelated G-protein-coupled receptor family, to form functional complexes in brain cortex. The 2AR-mGluR2 complex triggers unique cellular responses when targeted by hallucinogenic drugs, and activation of mGluR2 abolishes hallucinogen-specific signalling and behavioural responses. In post-mortem human brain from untreated schizophrenic subjects, the 2AR is upregulated and the mGluR2 is downregulated, a pattern that could predispose to psychosis. These regulatory changes indicate that the 2AR-mGluR2 complex may be involved in the altered cortical processes of schizophrenia, and this complex is therefore a promising new target for the treatment of psychosis.     

GPS接收机中相位舍位噪声影响DDL的跟踪性能

为了解决在全球卫星定位系统(GPS)接收机中出现的阶梯状伪距测量结果的问题,在分析了接收机中伪码跟踪原理的基础上,找到了造成该问题的原因.通过研究数控振荡器(NCO)中相位舍位噪声的规律,得到了该噪声与数字中频采样率的关系,提出了基于减小相位舍位噪声的中频采样率优化方案.仿真结果显示: 选择高于且接近伪码速率整数倍的中频采样率能明显的抑止NCO相位舍位噪声.优选出的高分辨率、低漂移的数字中频采样率可以有效提高GPS接收机的跟踪精度.     

复合材料Ⅰ+Ⅱ混合型周期平行裂纹尖端场

研究了裂纹面内均匀载荷作用下的正交各向异性复合材料板周期平行裂纹尖端场问题。利用复变函数方法,将力学问题化为偏微分方程边值问题。根据叠加原理,将偏微分方程边值问题化为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两个边值问题求解。在复数域内,利用双曲函数的周期性,通过构造适当的Westergaard应力函数,将周期平行裂纹尖端场问题化为单一裂纹尖端场问题。得到混合型周期平行裂纹尖端附近的应力强度因子和应力场的解析表达式。由于平行裂纹的周期性分布,应力强度因子的大小取决于形状因子。所得结果表明,当裂纹间距趋于无穷大时,应力强度因子退化为含单个中心裂纹时的结果,并且所得到的解析解更好的体现了平行裂纹分布的周期性。研究结果为结构和材料的强度设计提供了有意义的参考。     

Variants conferring risk of atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in humans and is characterized by chaotic electrical activity of the atria. It affects one in ten individuals over the age of 80 years, causes significant morbidity and is an independent predictor of mortality. Recent studies have provided evidence of a genetic contribution to AF. Mutations in potassium-channel genes have been associated with familial AF but account for only a small fraction of all cases of AF. We have performed a genome-wide association scan, followed by replication studies in three populations of European descent and a Chinese population from Hong Kong and find a strong association between two sequence variants on chromosome 4q25 and AF. Here we show that about 35% of individuals of European descent have at least one of the variants and that the risk of AF increases by 1.72 and 1.39 per copy. The association with the stronger variant is replicated in the Chinese population, where it is carried by 75% of individuals and the risk of AF is increased by 1.42 per copy. A stronger association was observed in individuals with typical atrial flutter. Both variants are adjacent to PITX2, which is known to have a critical function in left-right asymmetry of the heart.     

无管换热器的稳态换热特性

对无管换热器中颗粒帘换热单元的稳态换热特性进行了研究,为目前空气预热器的研究提供新的指导方向.通过传热数学模型构建、详细数学计算和定量分析,研究了颗粒质量流量对换热单元以及无管换热器出口温度的影响.研究结果发现,在颗粒帘换热单元中,当颗粒质量流量足够时,冷流体加热后的出口平均温度可无限接近热流体初始温度,冷热流体之间实现深度换热,换热效果明显;在满足颗粒帘空隙率大于0.98的条件下,颗粒质量流量越小,气固颗粒在换热通道中越容易达到换热平衡;由于换热单元中间冷热源-气固颗粒之间的温差小,换热单元的换热效率低,使得由换热单元组成的无管换热器冷热气体之间的整体换热效率较低.     

BOG初次免疫联合结核分枝杆菌Ag85A DNA疫苗加强免疫效果的研究

为探讨BCG初次免疫,结核分枝杆菌Ag85A DNA疫苗加强免疫的序贯免疫策略对小鼠的免疫效果。采用BCG及结核分枝杆菌Ag85A DNA疫苗依次免疫小鼠,在末次免疫后的4、6、8周通过检测小鼠血清总IgG抗体、特异性淋巴细胞增殖．细胞因子的水平,观测BCG初次免疫,Ag85A DNA疫苗加强免疫的策略对小鼠的免疫效果。结果显示,采用BCG初次免疫,结核分枝杆菌Ag85A DNA疫苗加强免疫的策略组的小鼠与其它免疫方式组相比,IgG明显升高（P〈0．05）、特异性淋巴细胞明显增殖、IFN7、IL-2、IL-4水平明显增高（P〈0．05）。由此可知,在采用BCG初次免疫,结核分枝杆菌Ag85A DNA疫苗加强的免疫策略后,能增强对小鼠的免疫效应,尤其是Thl型细胞免疫反应增强明显,为进一步在动物体内进行保护性效应试验的研究提供了实验依据。     

Effects of ambient air pollution on allergic rhinitis among preschool children in Changsha, China

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis has rapidly increased among Chinese children,but the reasons are unclear.Recent findings have suggested that exposure to outdoor air pollutants may increase the risk of allergic rhinitis,but the results were inconsistent.This study further investigated the effect of outdoor air pollutants on allergic rhinitis among preschool children.A standardized questionnaire on health,home and environmental factors was conducted for 4988 children aged 1–8 in the city of Changsha,and the concentrations of PM10(particle diameter 10 m),sulfur dioxide(SO2)and nitrogen dioxide(NO2)during 2006–2011 were acquired from the official web of Changsha Environmental Protection Agency.Results showed that the prevalence of children’s doctor diagnosed rhinitis was 8.4%(95%confidence interval[CI]7.0%–10.0%).It was found that the prevalence of rhinitis was not associated with site-specific background concentrations of air pollutants,but significantly positively correlated with age-related accumulative personal exposure of PM10,SO2and NO2.We conclude that age-related accumulative personal exposure to ambient air pollution may play an important role in the development of rhinitis.